Understanding Ekgs Chapter 1 The Anatomy Of The Heart

Front 1

mediastinum

Back 1

The central section of the thorax. Where the heart is housed, behind the sternum, and in front of the spinal column.

Hint 1

3

Front 2

How much of the heart lays to the left of the midline?

Back 2

2/3rds

Hint 2

3

Front 3

The apex of the heart lays just above the _________. The base of the heart lies at approximately the level of the ______________.

Back 3

diaphragm

third rib.

Hint 3

3

Front 4

Surrounding the heart is the ____________.

Back 4

pericardial sac or pericardium

Hint 4

4

Front 5

The pericardium consist of:

Back 5

The inner layer called the visceral pericardium, and the outer layer called the parietal pericardium. In between these two layers is a small amount of fluid that acts as a lubricant, helping to reduce friction.

Hint 5

4-5

Front 6

epicardium

Back 6

The smooth outer surface of the heart.

Hint 6

5

Front 7

myocardium

Back 7

The thick middle layer of the heart composed primarily of cardiac muscle cells and responsible for the heart's ability to contract. The thickest of the three layers.

Hint 7

5

Front 8

endocardium

Back 8

The innermost layer of the heart; composed of thin connective tissue.

Hint 8

5

Front 9

List the layers of the heart from outer to inner:

Back 9

endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium

Hint 9

5

Front 10

Tricuspid valve

Back 10

Named for its three cusps; located between the right atrium and right ventricle.

To remember order use you ride a tricycle before you ride a bicycle.

Front 11

chordae tendineae

Back 11

Fine chords of dense connective tissue that attach to papillary muscle in the wall of the ventricles. Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles work together to prevent the cusps from fluttering back into the atrium and disrupting blood flow through the heart.

Hint 11

6

Front 12

bicuspid valve

Back 12

Also known as mitral valve. Has two cusps and is located between left atrium and left ventricle.

Hint 12

6

Front 13

The semiluner valves prevent blood backflow into the ___________.

Back 13

ventricles

Hint 13

7

Front 14

pulmonic valve

Back 14

The semilunar valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Has three cusps.

Hint 14

7

Front 15

Aortic valve

Back 15

The semilunar valve located between the left ventricle and the trunk of the aorta.

Hint 15

7

Front 16

How are the opening and closing of valves in the heart controlled?

Back 16

Changes in chamber pressure govern the opening and closing of the heart valves. During ventricular systole the AV close and the SV open. During ventricular diastole the SV close and AV open.

Hint 16

7

Front 17

Passive filling of the coronary arteries occurs during ___________________.

Back 17

ventricular diastole.

Hint 17

7

Front 18

arteries

Back 18

The thick walled and muscular blood vessels that function under high pressure to convey blood from the heart out to the rest of the body.

Hint 18

7

Front 19

vessel wall layers

Back 19

Also known as tunics meaning coats or covering. The innermost layer is the tunica intima composed of connective and elastic tissue. The middle layer is the tunica media composed of smooth muscle, elastic, and collagen tissue. The outermost layer is the tunica adventitia composed of connective tissue.

Hint 19

8

Front 20

heart vessels

Back 20

The coronary arteries arise from the trunk of the aorta and function to carry oxygenated blood throughout the myocardium. The coronary sinus is a short trunk that serves to receive deoxygenated blood from the veins of the myocardium and empty into the right atrium.

Hint 20

8

Front 21

veins

Back 21

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, operate under low pressure and are relatively thin-walled.

Front 22

capillaries

Back 22

Tiny blood vessels that allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and body tissues; "connectors" between arteries and veins.

Hint 22

9

Front 23

Blood flow from artery to vein

Back 23

Artery-->arterioles-->capillaries-->
venules-->vein

Hint 23

9

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Front 24

pulmonary circulation

Back 24

When blood leaves the heart through the right ventricle and travels into the pulmonary artery to the lungs and back through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium.

Hint 24

11

Front 25

systemic circulation

Back 25

The circulation of blood as it leaves the left ventricle and travels through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the entire body system and back to the primary receptacle of the heart (the right atrium).

Hint 25

11

Front 26

What are the most numerous blood vessels in the body?

Back 26

The capillaries