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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The study of blood moving through the circulatory system
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Hemodynamics
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This indicates the volume off blood moving during a particular time; it answers the question, "How much?"
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Flow
Volume Flow Rate |
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Flow is reported in what units?
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Any volume divided by time
(L/min, ml/s, etc) |
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This indicates the speed of a fluid moving from one location to another; it answers the question, "How fast?"
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Velocity
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Velocity is reported in what units?
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Any distance divided by time
(cm/s, m/min, etc) |
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The following are forms of what?
- pulsatile - phasic - steady |
Flow
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This occurs when blood moves with variable velocity resulting from cardiac contraction (ex: arterial circulation)
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Pulsatile Flow
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This occurs when blood moves with a variable velocity resulting from respiration (ex: venous circulation)
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Phasic Flow
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This occurs when blood moves at a constant velocity (ex: venous circulation when breathing stops for a moment)
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Steady Flow
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What kind of flow exists when flows are aligned and parallel
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Laminar Flow
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The following are two forms of what?
- Plug Flow - Parabolic Flow |
Laminar Flow
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This type of laminar flow occurs when all of the layers and blood cells travel at the same velocity
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Plug Flow
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This type of laminar flow occurs when velocity is highest in the center of the lumen and weakest at the vessel wall
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Parabolic Flow
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Is plug flow and parabolic flow a normal finding?
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Yes
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What kind of flow exists when chaotic flow pattern - in many directions and many velocities - are present?
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Turbulent Flow
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Turbulant Flow converts flow energy into other energy forms such as ___ and ___
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Sound & Vibration
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Sound associated with turbulent flow is called a ___
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Bruit
Murmur |
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Vibrations associated with a turbulent flow is called a ___
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Thrill
Palpable Murmur |
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Blood flows when the total fluid energy at one location differs from the total fluid energy at another location. What is this difference in energy called?
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Energy Gradient
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Which statement is more precise?blood flows due to a pressure gradient or blood flows due to an energy gradient
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Blood flows due to an energy gradient
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The following are forms of what?
- kinetic - pressure - gravitational |
Energy
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This form of energy is associated with a moving object. It is determined by the object's mass and it's speed
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Kinetic Energy
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This form of energy is a form of stored or potential energy, which has the ability to perform work
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Pressure Energy
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This form of energy is a form of stored or potential energy that is associated with any elevated object.
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Gravitational Energy
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How is energy imparted to blood?
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LV contraction during systole
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As blood flows throughout the body, name three ways its energy is lost
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1. Viscous Loss
2. Frictional Loss 3. Inertial Loss |
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This describes the thickness of a fluid
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Viscosity
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More energy is lost with the movement of (high or low?) viscosity fluids.
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High Viscosity
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The percentage of red blood cells (and other cellular matter) in the blood is called what?
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Hematocrit
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What is the normal hematocrit level?
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45%
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What happens to blood viscosity if the hematocrit level drops (anemia)?
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With lower hematocrit levels, blood has reduced viscosity
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This form of energy loss occurs when flow energy is converted to heat as one object rubs against another
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Frictional Energy Loss
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This form of energy loss occurs when blood overcomes its own internal stickiness
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Viscous Energy Loss
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This form of energy loss occurs when the speed of a fluid changes (regardless of whether it accelerates or decelerates)
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Inertial Energy Loss
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What form of energy loss occurs at these three events:
- pulsatile flow - phasic flow - stenosis |
Inertial Energy Loss
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In a stenotic vessel, where does maximal velocity occur?
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At the vessel's narrowest point
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In a stenotic vessel, where does reduced velocity occur?
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Beyond the vessel's narrowest point
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A narrowing in the lumen of a blood vessel is called what?
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Stenosis
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How does stenosis effect flow direction?
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Flow direction can change (turbulence) as blood flows through the narrowing
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How does stenosis effect flow velocity?
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Velocity increases flowing into the narrowing and decreases past the narrowing
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How does stenosis effect pressure?
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Increased pressure at the narrowing, decreased pressure past the narrowing (pressure gradient)
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How does stenosis effect flow pattern (pulsatile, phasic, steady)?
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Pulsatile flow pattern converts to a steady flow pattern
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