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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phase A
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Architecture Vision:
It includes information about defining the scope of the architecture development initiative, identifying the stakeholders, creating the Architecture Vision, and obtaining approval to proceed with the architecture development. |
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Phase B
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Business Architecture
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Phase C
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Information Systems Architecture
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Phase D
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Technology Architecture
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Phase E
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Opportunities & Solutions
initial implementation planning Generate the initial complete version of the Architecture Roadmap, based upon the gap analysis and candidate Architecture Roadmap components from Phases B, C, and D |
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Phase F
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Migration Planning
assign a business value to each work package do a cost/benefit analysis and risk validation finalize architecture roadmap & migration plan |
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Phase G
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Implementation Governance
architectural oversight of the implementation. do compliance reviews |
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Phase H
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Architecture change management
The Architecture Board assesses and approves Requests for Change (RFC) if a change affects more than one stakeholder then you probably need a architecture redesign and reenter ADM |
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TOGAF Document contains
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TOGAF Document:
(Introduction) This part provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts of enterprise architecture and in particular the TOGAF approach. (Architecture Development Method) This part is the core of TOGAF. It describes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) - a step-by-step approach to developing an enterprise architecture. (ADM Guidelines and Techniques) This part contains a collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying TOGAF and the TOGAF ADM. (Architecture Content Framework) This part describes the TOGAF content framework, including a structured metamodel for architectural artifacts, the use of re-usable architecture building blocks, and an overview of typical architecture deliverables. (Enterprise Continuum & Tools) This part discusses appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture activity within an enterprise. (TOGAF Reference Models) This part provides a selection of architectural reference models, which includes the TOGAF Foundation Architecture, and the Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM). (Architecture Capability Framework) This part discusses the organization, processes, skills, roles, and responsibilities required to establish and operate an architecture function within an enterprise. |
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when is architecture governance done?
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established in perliminary phase and done in Phase G & H
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define architecture building block
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Capture architecture requirements; e.g., business, data, application, and technology requirements
Define what functionality will be implemented Direct and guide the development of SBBs |
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define Solution Building Blocks
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Define what products and components will implement the functionality
Define the implementation Fulfil business requirements Are product or vendor-aware specific |
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TOGAF Technical reference model
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the fundamental architecture upon which other more specific architectures can be based
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what is architecture continum contain?
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from generic to detailed:
foundation architectures (such as TOGAF) then common system architectures then industry architectures then organization specific architectures |
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enterprise continum
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provideos a view of the architecture repository showing evolution from generic to specific of these architectures
abstract to concerte view of the repository of all the architecture assets. It can contain architecture descriptions, models, building blocks, patterns, viewpoints, and other artifacts - that exist both within the enterprise and in the IT industry at large |
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capability based planning
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business planning technique focused on business outcomes
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business transformation readiness is first done when?
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phase A - architecture vision
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compliant
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some features in architecture spec have not been implemented but those that are, are within specification.
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compliance process
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ensures regulatory requirements are being met
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data architecture
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defines enterprise continum & architecture repository
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architecture building block provides?
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fundamental functionality
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integrated information infrastructure reference model is used in what phase
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is a Applications Architecture reference model that focuses on requirements
Aimed at the helping the design of architectures to enable and support the vision of Boundaryless Information Flow |
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what is a major product when doing stakeholder analysis
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stakeholder map
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business scenarios are used to develop?
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architecture vision
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what is the output of phase E?
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initial complete version of the Architecture Roadmap, based upon the gap analysis and candidate Architecture Roadmap components from Phases B, C, and D
THEN Determine whether an incremental approach is required, and if so identify Transition Architectures that will deliver continuous business value |
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when do u do gap analysus
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during ADM (data gap and business gap) and during transition phase (phase E)
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architecture repository
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contains all architectures
used in phase E |
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what phase is this?
Finalize the Architecture Roadmap and the supporting Implementation and Migration Plan Ensure that the business value and cost of work packages and Transition Architectures is understood by key stakeholders |
Phase F
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what phase is this created/outputted
implementation and migration plan |
phase E
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when do you do stakeholder analysis
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phase a
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when do u assign Business Value to Each Work Package
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phase f
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when do you do risk validation to each project?
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phase F
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when do u Prioritize the Migration Projects through the Conduct of a Cost/Benefit Assessment and Risk Validation
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phase F
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what is Top-Down Design – Bottom-up Implementation
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• Design:
1. Business Architecture 2. Data (or Applications) Architecture 3. Applications (or Data) Architecture 4. Technology Architecture • Implementation: 1. Technology Architecture 2. Applications (or Data) Architecture 3. Data (or Applications) Architecture 4. Business Architecture |
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what is Data-Driven Sequence Implementation
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1. First implement application systems that create data
2. Then applications that process the data 3. Finally, applications that archive data |
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architecture roadmap
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The Architecture Roadmap lists individual work packages that will realize the Target Architecture and lays them out on a timeline to show progression from the Baseline Architecture to the Target Architecture. The Architecture Roadmap highlights individual work packages' business value at each stage.
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Architecture Definition Document contains
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baseline and target architecture
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Phase C contains what?
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Data and Application architectures
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ARTS and
Energistics models are what kind of model and what phase? |
Phase C and are data models
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views and viewpoints are created when?
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phase A-D
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viewpoints different from views how?
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viewpoints are generic and are kept in the architecture repository
views are specific to the architecture being developed |
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what are the 3 classes of artifacts?
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catalogs: ; list one of building blocks or of related types
matricies: show relationships between building blocks of specific types Diagrams: represent building blocks in a rich and visual way |
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what is in the architecture definition document?
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rationale for all building block decisions
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TOGAF Document Categorization Model, which are the four categories of content?
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TOGAF Core consists of the fundamental concepts that form the essence of TOGAF.
TOGAF Mandated consists of the normative parts of the TOGAF specification. These elements of TOGAF are central to its usage and without them the framework would not be recognizably TOGAF. Strong consideration must be given to these elements when applying TOGAF. TOGAF Recommended consists of a pool of resources that are specifically referenced in TOGAF as ways in which the TOGAF Core and Mandated processes can be accomplished (e.g., the SEI Architecture Trade-Off Analysis Method or business scenarios). Supporting consists of additional resources that are not referenced in the other three TOGAF categories itself but provide valuable assistance. |
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Which are the Key Considerations for the Data Architecture?
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data management
data migration data governanace |
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does requirements management dispose of, address, or prioritize any requirements?
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no this is done within the relevant phase of the ADM
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How is the scope of the enterprise architecture projects decided?
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Agreement on the scope is reached in the Preliminary phase and it is defined in phase A
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architecture contracs
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phase g
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Where the process of creating a Business Scenario does starts?
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problem statements
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In which phases is the Gap Analysis technique used?
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Phases B, C, D, and E
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For which phases is the Business Transformation Readiness Assessment a key technique?
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Phases A, E and F
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what provides a set of quantitative statements that outline what an implementation project must do in order to comply with the architecture
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Architecture Requirements Specification
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what do you do during phase a?
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7.4.1 Establish the Architecture Project
7.4.2 Identify Stakeholders, Concerns, and Business Requirements 7.4.3 Confirm and Elaborate Business Goals, Business Drivers, and Constraints 7.4.4 Evaluate Business Capabilities 7.4.5 Assess Readiness for Business Transformation 7.4.6 Define Scope 7.4.7 Confirm and Elaborate Architecture Principles, including Business Principles 7.4.8 Develop Architecture Vision 7.4.9 Define the Target Architecture Value Propositions and KPIs 7.4.10 Identify the Business Transformation Risks and Mitigation Activities 7.4.11 Develop Statement of Architecture Work; Secure Approval |
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what is in a architecture contract?
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Architecture Design and Development Contract with : introduction and background, the nature of the agreement, scope of the architecture, architecture and strategic principles and requirements, conformance requirements, Target Architecture Measures, Define phases of deliverables, Prioritized joint workplan, Time window, Architecture delivery and business metrics.
NO BASELINE ARchitectures |
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Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is
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Service-orientation is a way of thinking in terms of services and service-based development and the outcomes of services.
A service is a logical representation of a repeatable business activity that has a specified outcome (e.g., check customer credit; provide weather data, consolidate drilling reports, etc.) and: Is self-contained May be composed of other services Is a “black box” to consumers of the service |
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what are the steps of the preliminary phase?
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Defining the enterprise
Identifying key drivers and elements in the organizational context Defining the requirements for architecture work Defining the Architecture Principles that will inform any architecture work Defining the framework to be used Defining the relationships between management frameworks Evaluating the enterprise architecture maturity |
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what are the steps of phase E?
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13.4.3 Review and Consolidate Gap Analysis Results from Phases B to D
13.4.4 Review Consolidated Requirements Across Related Business Functions 13.4.7 Confirm Readiness and Risk for Business Transformation 13.4.8 Formulate Implementation and Migration Strategy 13.4.9 Identify and Group Major Work Packages 13.4.10 Identify Transition Architectures 13.4.11 Create the Architecture Roadmap & Implementation and Migration Plan |
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adm means
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architecture development method
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defines an Architecture Framework
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methodology for designing a target state for the enterprise in terms of a set of building blocks and defines how the building blocks fit together.
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what is an enterprise continum
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The Enterprise Continuum is intended to represent the classification of all assets that are available to an enterprise. It classifies assets that exist within the enterprise along with other assets in the wider environment that are relevant to the enterprise, such as products, research, etc
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what are the components of architecture landscape
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strategic architectures
segment architectures capability architectures |
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governance log contains
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Capability assessments
Decision log compliance assessments |
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2 components of Enterprise architecture framework
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Definitions of deliverables that need to be produced.
A description of how they should be produced. |
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defines an Application Architecture
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a capability that manages data
a capability that the data objects necessary to process and support the business. |
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define Architecture principles
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Architecture principles define the underlying general rules and guidelines for the use and deployment of all IT resources and assets across the enterprise
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where are views created and stored?
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phase a-d
and views are specific to the architecture its referencing |
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where are viewpoints created and stored?
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phase a-d
store in architecture repository |
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define viewpoint?
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Where you are looking from; the vantage point or perspective that determines what you see.
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who are people who have concerns about a system
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stakeholders
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define the Phase F - Migration Planning activities?
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cost versus benefit analysis, risk analysis and developing detailed Implementation plans.
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How often would the Preliminary Phase be carried out by an organisation?
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Whenever the Baseline Architecture changes.
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why are reference models useful?
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They allow effective communication between all participants on a project by creating a common vocabulary and structure.
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Which are the Key Considerations for the Data Architecture?
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Data Management, Data Migration and Data Governance
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does ADM need to Coexisting with other Enterprise Architecture frameworks
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noooooooooo
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is Capability is documented in Architecture Vision?
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no
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Which are the six characteristics used in TOGAF to highlight both the value and necessity for governance?
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Discipline, Transparency, Independence, Accountability, Responsibility and Fairness
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What does the Architecture Requirements Specification provide?
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A quantitative view of the solution stating measurable criteria
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Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM), supports what?
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support the vision of Boundaryless Information Flow (Trademark)
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what is an artifact?
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an architectural work product that describes an aspect of the architecture.
Artifacts are catalogs (lists of things), matrices (showing relationships between things), and diagrams (pictures of things). Examples include a requirements catalog, business interaction matrix, and a use-case diagram. An architectural deliverable may contain many artifacts and artifacts will form the content of the Architecture Repository. used to create building blocks |
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when do you have a Statement of Architecture Work ?
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phase A
in preliminary phase its a request for architecture work |
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when do u create a request for architecture work?
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preliminary phase
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Architecture Vision is what? and when is it created?
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Phase A
first-cut, high-level description of the Baseline and Target Architectures, covering the business, data, application, and technology domains. These outline descriptions are developed in subsequent phases |
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when do you do the capabliity assessment?
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phase A
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what describes functions associated with the enterprise's business activities, the data and/or information exchanged between activities (internal exchanges), and outside the scope of the model (external exchanges)?
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Activity Models (also called Business Process Models)
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IDEF (Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) DEFinition)
or Object Management Group (OMG) has developed the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN are used when are and are called what? |
Activity Models (also called Business Process Models)
examples phase B |
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what are class models?
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a type of business model
are similar to logical data models. A class model describes static information and relationships between information. |
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3 types of business models?
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class
use case activity models (also called business process models) |
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identify steps to building architectures models?
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1) identify reference models . tools and viewpoints
2) develop baseline architecture 3) develop target architecture 4) gap analysis 5)create architecture defintion (draft) |
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key considerations when developing data architecture?
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data management
data migration data governance |
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data models relevant to TOAG
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ARTS has defined a data model for the Retail industry.
Energistics has defined a data model for the Petrotechnical industry. |
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which catalogs should be used with application architecture?
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Application Portfolio catalog
Interface catalog |
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Business Transformation Readiness Assessment is done when?
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Phase A
reviewed in phase e |
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common implementation strategies are?
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Quick win (snapshots)
Achievable targets Value chain method |
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Requirements Impact Assessment is done when and is what?
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done through all phases of ADM
Throughout the ADM, new information is collected relating to an architecture. As this information is gathered, new facts may come to light that invalidate existing aspects of the architecture. A Requirements Impact Assessment assesses the current architecture requirements and specification to identify changes that should be made and the implications of those changes. |
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what is Architecture Requirements Specification?
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provides a set of quantitative statements that outline what an implementation project must do in order to comply with the architecture
will typically form a major component of an implementation contract or contract for more detailed Architecture Definition. |
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requirements management phase contains what docuemnts?
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Requirements Impact Assessment
Architecture Requirements Specification, if necessary The Requirements Repository will be updated as part of the Requirements Management phase and should contain all requirements information. |
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when are architecture contracts cut?
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various stages in ADM ex:
Phase A - Statement of Work is a type of contract At the beginning of Phase G (Implementation Governance), between the architecture function and the function responsible for implementing the enterprise architecture defined in the preceding ADM phases. Typically, this will be either the in-house systems development function, or a major contractor to whom the work is outsourced. |
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outputs of the Preliminary Phase may include?
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architecture framework
request for architecture work architecture governance framework architecture principles |
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3 important elements of architecture governance strategy are?
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architecture board
architecture principles architecture compliacne strategy |
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what is an example of a foundational framework?
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TOGAF
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what is a common system architecture?
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III-RM
Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model |
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architecture continum contains what/?
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architecture building blocks
that make up: foundation architectures (TOGAF TRM) common system architectures (III-RM) industry architectures organization specific architectures Logical to physical Horizontal (IT-focused) to vertical (business-focused) Generalization to specialization Taxonomy to complete and specific architecture specification |
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what is III-RM?
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Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model is a common systems architecture found in the architecture continum that supports boundaryless information flow
it also focuses on application software space subset of TRM |
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what are the core compenents of III-RM?
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core compents are:
Business Applicatiosn Infrastructure Applications Application Platform Interface Qaulties |
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What are the business application in the III-RM?
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Information Provider Applications, which provide responses to client requests and rudimentary access to data managed by a particular server
Brokering Applications, which manage the requests from any number of clients to and across any number of service providers Information Consumer Applications, - provide data back to client (content) |
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what does the TRM stand for and compose of?
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Technical Reference Model
three entities: Application Software Application Platform Communications Infrastructure The two interfaces: Application Platform Interface Communications Infrastructure Interface |
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define a view
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a view is what you
view is set of architecture models, cretated to show to stakeholders to address their particular concerns. it is always specific to an architecture product |
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define a viewpoint
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viewpoints are generic and stored in architecure repository
viewpoint is where you see from |
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where a interface catalog used?
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phase C
application arch |
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when is architecture roadmaps created?
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Architecture Roadmap is incrementally developed throughout Phases E and F, and informed by readily identifiable roadmap components from Phase B, C, and D within the ADM.
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what are the charateristics of architecture governance?
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Discipline
All involved parties will have a commitment to adhere to procedures, processes, and authority structures established by the organization. Transparency All actions implemented and their decision support will be available for inspection by authorized organization and provider parties. Independence All processes, decision-making, and mechanisms used will be established so as to minimize or avoid potential conflicts of interest. Accountability Identifiable groups within the organization - e.g., governance boards who take actions or make decisions - are authorized and accountable for their actions. Responsibility Each contracted party is required to act responsibly to the organization and its stakeholders. Fairness All decisions taken, processes used, and their implementation will not be allowed to create unfair advantage to any one particular party. |
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define metamodel?
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a formal structure for terms to ensure consistency within the ADM and also to provide guidance for organizations that wish to implement architectures within an architecture tool
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reasons for limiting scope of architectural activity?
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The organizational authority of the team producing the architecture
The objectives and stakeholder concerns to be addressed within the architecture The availability of people, finance, and other resources |
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define reference model?
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A reference model is an abstract framework for understanding significant relationships among the entities of [an] environment, and for the development of consistent standards or specifications supporting that environment
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define requirements ?
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a (quantative?) statement of need that must be met by a particualr architectural or work package
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what is the purpose of enterprise architecture?
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to optpmise existing processes into a integrated enviorment across the enterprise so they are responsive to change and supportive of the delivery of the business strategy
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why are reference models useful?
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they allow effective communication between all participants on a project by creating a common vocabulary and structure
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