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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The _____________ is a joint on each side of the head that allows for movement of the mandible for speech and mastication
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Tempormandibular joint (TMJ)
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The TMJ connects the condyle of mandible to the
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temporal bone
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The TMJ allows for
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rotation and translation
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The rotation movement of jaw ______ and ______
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open and close
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The translation movement is ________ and ________
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forward and backward
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The combination of rotation and translation allow for
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Lateral and medial movement
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Temporomandibular Joint is a _____________ joint
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ginglymoarthrodial joint
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_________ is a gliding joint that allows for gliding movement
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Arthrodial
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The Condyle of TMJ articulates with the temporal bone in the
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articular (glenoid) fossa
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The condyle and the temporal bone are separated by an
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articular disc
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True or False
The Articular disc is only disc of its kind in body |
True
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The articular disc seperates the TMJ into 2 areas, the
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- Superior component (upper synovial cavity)
- Inferior Compartment (lower synovial cavity) |
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___________________ allows for the rest of the opening of the mouth and also allows for translation down the articular eminence of the temporal bone
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The Superior component (upper synovial cavity)
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___________________ allows for pure rotation of condylar head and allows for the first 20 mm of the opening of the mouth
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Inferior compartment (lower synovial cavity)
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The Main components of TMJ include:
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- Mandibular condyles
- Articular surface of the temporal bone - joint capsule - Articular disc - Ligamnets - lateral pterygoids |
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The ____________ completely encloses TMJ
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joint capsule
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The __________ is a fibrous membrane that surrounds joint and incorporates articular eminence
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joint capsule
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The joint capsue is attached to
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articular eminenence, articular disc, and mandibular condyle neck
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The Articular (Joint) Disc is between the
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temporal bone & condyle
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The Articular (joint) disc functions to
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articulate the surfaces against both temporal bone and condyles
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The articular (joint) disc divides TMJ into
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Upper & lower synovial cavites
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The articular (joint) disc is a biconcave structure that attaches to the medial and lateral poles of the
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mandibular condyle
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The posterior portion of the articular (joint) disc is called the
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retrodiscal tissue
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True or False
The posterior portion of the articular (joint) disc is connective tissue that is vascular and innervated |
True
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Pain is induced during anterior disc displacement because
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the condyle is pressing on this area
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There are 3 ligaments associated with TMJ:
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- Temporomandibular ligament
- Stylomandibular ligament - Sphenoimandibular ligament |
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the __________________ is located on the lateral side of each joint and forms a reinforcement of the capsule of the TMJ
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Temporomandibular ligament
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The temporomandibular ligament is actually the thickened lateral portion of the capsule and prevents
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excessive retraction
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The Temporomandibular ligament is divided into 2 parts:
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Outer oblique portion & Inner horizontal portion
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The ____________ is a variable ligament that is formed from thickened cervical fascia in the area
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Stylomandibular ligament
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The Stylomandibular ligament seperates the ___________ region from the _________ region
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- infratemporal region
- parotid region |
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The ________________ runs from styloid process of temporal bone to angle of mandible
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Stylomandibular ligament
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The _____________ is not a portion of the TMJ, but is located on the medial side of the mandible
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Sphenomandibular ligament
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The ______________ runs from the spine of sphenoid bone to the lingual of mandibular foramen and is the landmark for the administration of inferior
local anesthetic block |
Sphenomandibular ligament
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Ligaments limit
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border movements
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Movement past limits constitute
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abnormal function and even pathology
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The TMJ is innervated by the
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- Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (V3)
- Auriculotemporal - Masseteric |
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The TMJ is supplied by the
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Superficial temporal branch of the external carotid artery
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during jaw movements, only the _________ moves
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mandible
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The 2 basic movements are:
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gliding & rotational
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_________ movement occurs between disc and the articular eminence of the temporal bone in the upper synovial cavity, with disc plus the condyle moving forward or backward, and up in the articular eminence
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gliding
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gliding movement allows lower jaw to move forward or backward which =
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protrusion & retraction
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__________ movement occurs between disc and the condyle in the lower synovial cavity.
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rotational
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Rotational movement allows for _________ or __________ of mandible
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- depression or elevation of mandible
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Normal movements =
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excursions
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________ bringing lower jaw forward
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protrusion
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________ bringing lower jaw backward
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retrusion
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Movement of TMJ is primarily by four muscles of mastication
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- lateral pterygoid
- medial pterygoid - masseter - temporalis |
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__________ opens mouth
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lateral pterygoid
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Contraction of lateral pterygoid pulls disc and condyle forward within __________ and down in _____________
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-glenoid fossa
- articular eminence |
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__________ pulls up angle of mandible
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medial pterygoid & masseter
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__________ pulls up on coronoid process
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temporalis muscle
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muscles that close mouth
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- medial pterygoid
- masseter muscle - temporalis muscle |
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Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) pain is generally due to one of three reasons
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- Disc displacement
- Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, primarily involving the muscles of mastication - Degenerative joint disease (AKA osteoarthritis) |
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_______________ is organic degeneration of the articular surfaces within TMJ
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Degenerative joint disease (AKA osteoarthritis)
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Myofascial pain dysfunction can be caused from
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- Overusage of the muscles
- parafunctional habits (Excessive gum chewing, Biting habits (nails, pencils, etc), Grinding habits, Clenching habits - Other causes include infection, Trauma, Bruising / scarring,Trigger points in muscle tissue (Myofascial pain syndrome) |
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Most common disorder is
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disc displacement
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____________ is when the Articular disc moves out from between the condyle and the fossa, so that the mandible and temporal bone contact is made on something other than the articular disc
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disc displacement
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_______________ is when the Articular disc stays anterior to the condylar head upon closing
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Displacement without reduction
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_______________ is when the Articular disc goes posterior to condylar head upon closing and popping or clicking can be heard
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Displacement with reduction
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_____________ is the most common form of arthritis
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Osteoarthritis
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____________ is a condition in which low-grade inflammation results in pain in the joints, caused by wearing of the cartilage that covers and acts as a cushion
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Osteoarthritis
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in osteoarthritis more wear = __________, and decreased movements may cause muscles to atrophy and ligaments to become lax
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more pain
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Other problems associated with TMD include:
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- Subluxation (dislocation with TMD)
- Bruxism |
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____________ is a condition in which a person opens his or her mouth too wide and is unable to close it again; head of condyle moves to far anteriorly on the articular eminence & when patient tries to close and elevate mandible, the condylar heads cannot move posteriorly because their muscles have become spastic
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Subluxation (dislocation of both joints)
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Treatment of Subluxation (dislocation of both joints) requires repositioning of the __________ by relaxing the muscles and carefully moving the mandible down and back allowing the condylar heads to assume normal posterior position in relation to articular eminence
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condyles
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___________ is a condition in which a person grinds their teeth and usually occurs nocturnally
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Bruxism
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Treatment for Bruxism includes
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NSAIDs, nightguard, muscle relaxers
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The __________Hinge joint allows for motion in one plane, forward and backward
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Ginglymo
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