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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
behavior
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All the actions an animal performs.
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instinct
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Knowing how to do a behavior without being taught.
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learning
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The process that leads to a change in behavior based on experience or practice.
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conditioning
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Learning to connect some kind of stimulus with a good or bad event.
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trial-and-error learning
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Occurs when and animal, through repeated practice, learns to perform a behavior more and more skillfully.
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insight learning
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When you solve a problem or learn how to do something new by applying what you already know, without a period of trial and error.
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artificial learning
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The capacity of a computer to perform complex tasks such as learning from experience and solving problems.
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imprinting
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When newly hatched birds and newborn mammals learn to recognize and follow the first moving object they see, which is usually the mother.
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What are the functions of most of an animal's behaviors?
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1. obtain food
2. avoid predators 3. find a mate |
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How does instinctive behavior compare with learned behavior?
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Learned behavior is not usually perfect the first time, whereas instinctive behavior is perfect the first time.
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How is trial-and-error learning different from insight learning?
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Trial-and-error learning is repeating a task to become more skillful, but insight learning is using knowledge you have already learned to solve a new problem.
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What is an adaptation?
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It is a trait that enables an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.
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What is the role of genes in adaptation?
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They are determined by an organism's genes.
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True or False
Most adaptations are not traits or characteristics that offspring inherit from their parents. |
False
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What do adaptations enable an organism to do?
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To survive and reproduce in its environment.
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Why is it easier for some organisms than others to survive when a food item disappears from their environment?
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An organism that has several different food sources in the environment can substitute another food source for a lost one. An organism that depends on only one source will not be able to survive and reproduce if its food source disappears.
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What is the function of courtship behavior?
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To prepare the male and female of the same species to recognize each other so that they can mate and reproduce.
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aggression
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A threatening behavior that one animal uses to gain control over another.
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territory
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An area that is occupied and defended by an animal or group of animals.
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society
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A group of closely related animals of the same species that work together for the benefit of the whole group.
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circadian rhythms
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Behavior cycles that occur over a period of approximately one day.
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hibernation
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A state of greatly reduced body activity that occurs during the winter.
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migration
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The regular, periodic journey of an animal from one place to another and then back again.
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Identify two ways in which animals benefit from living in groups.
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Group members protect one another, and work together to find food.
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What are the two major advantages that animals gain by migrating?
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a. abundant food
and/or b. favorable environment for reproduction. |
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A trait that enables an organism to survive and reproduce in an environment is called
a. imprint. b. stimulus. c. gene. d. adaptation. |
d. adaptation
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If you could play the saxophone by instinct, you would
a. play well the first time you tried. b. need someone to teach you. c. have to practice frequently. d. know how to play other instruments. |
a. play well the first time you tried.
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When a male and female falcon share an acrobatic flight display, they exhibit
a. learning. b. imprinting. c. migration. d. courtship behavior. |
d. courtship behavior
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Some squirrels sleep all day and are active all night. This is an example of
a. migration. b. hibernation. c. circadian rhythm d. aggression |
c. circadian rhythm
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When a bird travels from its winter home in South America to New York, this is called
a. learning. b. conditioning c. migration. d. hibernation |
c. migration
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True or False
A spider building a web exhibits learned behavior. |
False, instinct
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True or False Every day after school, you take your diog for a walk. Lately, he greets your arrival with his leash in his mouth. You dog's response is an example of instinct. |
False, conditioning
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Closely related animals of the same type work together for the group's benefit in a society.
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True
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Salmon return to fresh water to reproduce. This is an example of circadian rhythm.
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False, instinct
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