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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the purpose of the thorax?
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- Respiration
- Return of venous blood to heart (respiration produces a negative pressure) - Protection of organs within |
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Name the contents of the thorax.
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- Heart
- Lungs - Aorta and branches - Trachea and primary bronchi - Sympathetic trunks - Ayzgos and hemiazygos venous system |
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Name the muscles of the thoracic wall.
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- External intercostals
- Internal intercostals - Innermost intercostals - Transverse thoracis - Subcostal - Serratus anterior (pectoral region) - Pectoralis major (pectoral region) - Pectoralis minor (pectoral region) |
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External intercostals
O & I |
O: inferior border of ribs
I: superior border of ribs below |
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External intercostals
Innervation |
intercostals (T1-11)
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External intercostals
Vasculature |
intercostal
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External intercostals
Main Action |
elevate ribs
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Internal intercostals
O & I |
O: inferior border of ribs
I: superior border of ribs below |
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Internal intercostals
Innervation |
intercostals (T1-11)
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Internal intercostals
Vasculature |
intercostal
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Internal intercostals
Main Action |
depress ribs
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Innermost intercostals
O & I |
O: inferior border of ribs
I: superior border of ribs below |
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Innermost intercostals
Innervation |
intercostals (T1-11)
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Innermost intercostals
Vasculature |
intercostal
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Innermost intercostals
Main Action |
elevate ribs
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Transverse thoracis
O & I |
O: int. costal cartilage 2-6
I: posterior lower sternum |
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Transverse thoracis
Innervation |
intercostals
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Transverse thoracis
Vasculature |
intercostal
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Transverse thoracis
Main Action |
depress ribs
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Subcostal
O & I |
O: int. lower ribs near angles
I: superior borders of 2-3 ribs below |
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Subcostal
Innervation |
subcostal
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Subcostal
Vasculature |
intercostal
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Subcostal
Main Action |
elevate ribs
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Arrangement of neurovascular structures
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VAN
(vein > artery > nerve) - superior to inferior - toward bottom of rib - between internal intercostal and innermost intercostal |
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Where is the abdomen?
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Under the diaphragm to the pelvic inlet
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What are the contents of the abdomen?
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- External oblique
- Internal oblique - Transverus abdominis - Rectus abdominis - Pyramidalis |
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External oblique
O & I |
O: ext. ribs 5-12
I: 1) linea alba 2) pubic tubercle 3) anterior 1/2 iliac crest |
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External oblique
Innervation |
inferior 6 thoracic (T7-12)
subcostal |
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External oblique
Vasculature |
superior and inferior epigastric
circumflex iliac |
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External oblique
Main Action |
- flex. and contralaterally rotate trunk
- compress and support abdominal viscera |
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Internal oblique
O & I |
O:
1) thoracolumbar fascia 2) anterior 2/3 iliac crest 3) lateral 1/2 inguinal ligament I: 1) inf. ribs 10-12 2) linea alba 3) pubis |
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Internal oblique
Innervation |
anterior rami of inf. 6 thoracic (T7-12)
1st lumbar |
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Internal oblique
Vasculature |
superior and inferior epigastric
circumflex iliac |
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Internal oblique
Main Action |
- flex and ipsilaterally rotate trunk
- compress and support abdominal viscera |
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Transversus abdominis
O & I |
O:
1) int. costal cartilages 7-12 2) thoracolumbar fasica 3) iliac crest 4) lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament I: 1) linea alba 2) pubic crest 3) pubis |
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Transversus abdominis
Innervation |
anterior rami of inf. 6 thoracic (T7-12)
1st lumbar |
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Transversus abdominis
Vasculature |
superior and inferior epigastric
circumflex iliac |
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Transversus abdominis
Main Action |
compress and support abdominal viscera
|
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Rectus abdominis
O & I |
O:
1) pubic symphysis 2) pubic crest I: 1) xiphoid process 2) costal cartilages 5-7 |
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Rectus abdominis
Innervation |
anterior rami of inf. 5-6 thoracic (T7-12)
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Rectus abdominis
Vasculature |
superior and inferior epigastric
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Rectus abdominis
Main Action |
- flexes trunk
- compresses abdominal viscera |
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Pyramidalis
O & I |
O:
1)pubis 2) pubic symphysis I: linea alba |
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Pyramidalis
Innervation |
T12
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Pyramidalis
Vasculature |
inferior epigastric
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Pyramidalis
Main Action |
tenses linea alba
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What is the rectus sheath?
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Long fibrous sheath enclosing rectus abdominis and pyramidalis mm.
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Name the contents of the rectus sheath
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- anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves
- superior and inferior epigastric vessels - lymph vessels |
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What are the levels of the rectus sheath?
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- above costal margin
- between costal margin and level of ASIS - between level of ASIS and pubis |
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What are the contents of the posterior abdominal wall?
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- lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral disks
- 12th pair of ribs - ilium - muscles: psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis, iliacus |
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Psoas major
O & I |
O:
1) sides of T12-L5 vertebrae 2) transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae 3) upper 2/3 of iliac fossa 4) upper lateral sacrum I: lesser trochanter of femur |
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Psoas major
Innervation |
anterior rami of L1-3(4) (femoral nerve)
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Psoas major
Vasculature |
medial femoral circumflex
|
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Psoas major
Main Action |
- flexes the hip
- flexes trunk |
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Iliacus
O & I |
O:
1) sides of T12-L5 vertebrae 2) transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae 3) upper 2/3 of iliac fossa 4) upper lateral sacrum I: lesser trochanter of femur |
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Iliacus
Innervation |
anterior rami of L1-3(4) (femoral nerve)
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Iliacus
Vasculature |
medial femoral circumflex
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Iliacus
Main Action |
flexes the hip
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What is the dividing line for the thorax and abdomen?
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The diaphragm
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Quadratus lumborum
O & I |
O:
1) iliolumbar ligament 2) transverse process L5 3) int. lip of iliac crest I: 1) medial 1/2 inferior border rib 12 2) tips of lumbar transverse processes |
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Quadratus lumborum
Innervation |
anterior branches of T12-L4
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Quadratus lumborum
Vasculature |
lumbar from abdominal aorta
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Quadratus lumborum
Main Action |
- extends vertebral column
- laterally flexes vertebral column - stabilizes 12th rib during inspiration - cause hip hiking (pulling ipsilateral pelvis upward) |