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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Roland Barthes π |
Sign and Signifiers, media text communicate their meaning through the use of denotation (literal) and connotation (meanings that are associated) |
Connotation, denotation |
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Todorov π |
Narrative moving from equilibrium to disruption and new equilibrium |
Equilibrium |
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Steve Neale π |
Genres are dominated by repetition, although marked by difference and variation. Genres can change and develop over time |
Genres |
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Claude Levi Strauss π |
Meaning of a media text is present, dependent and produced through binary opposites |
Binary opposition |
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Jean Baudrillard π |
In post modern culture, the boundaries between the real world and the media world have been collapsed. We are immersed in a world where images no longer refer to anything 'real' (hyperreality |
Postmodernism |
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Stuart Hall β€ |
Representation is seen through language, a system of codes Relationship between concept and signs is shown through codes Stereotypes reduces people to few simple traits, and usually occurs when there is an inequality of power |
Stereotypes |
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David Gauntlett β€ |
The media provides us with tools to construct our own identities. In the past used to convey singular straightforward messages of males and females Today, there is a pick and mix, from the media portraying an array of stars, icons and characters |
Identities |
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Liesbet Van Zoonen β€ |
Gender is constructed through discourse. It's meaning varies due to cultural and historical context Women's bodies are seen as objects to be looked at. Element of western patriarchal culture Mainstream culture show men as a spectacle and women an object |
Gender imbalance |
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Bell Hooks β€ |
Feminism is a struggle to end sexist/patriarchal oppression and domination Feminism is a political commitment rather than a lifestyle choice Race and class as well as sex determine the extent to which individuals are exploited or discriminated against |
Oppression, discrimination, race and class |
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Judith Butler β€ |
Identity is performatively constructed by 'expression' (set of acts and behaviour). There is no gender identity behind expressions of gender (sex is different from gender) Performativity is not a singular act but a repetition |
Gender identity, sex vs gender |
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Paul Gilroy β€ |
Colonial discourse continue to inform contemporary attitudes to race and ethnicity (from colonisation people today still have the same ideologies and views) Civilisarionism construct racial hierachies. A binary opposite is created based on 'otherness' |
Post colonial, ethnicity |
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Curran and Seaton π |
Media is controlled by a small number of companies (hegemony), they are usually driven by profit and power This usually limits variety, creativity and quality More socially diverse patterns of ownership helps to create more varied and adventurous media productions. |
Profit, power, creativity, quality, socially diverse |
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Livingstone and Lunt π |
There is a struggle in recent UK regulation policy, by protecting audience from offensive harmful material but still have the need to further their interest The increasing power of global media corporations together with the rise of convergent media technologies, in production, distribution and marketing of digital media have placed traditional ways of regulation at risk |
Regulation, risk |
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David Hesmondhalgh π |
Industry companies try to maximise audience whilst minimising risk through vertical and horizontal integration and formatting their products through the use of stars, genres and serials. Largest companies or conglomerates operate across a number of different cultural industries |
Minimising risk, maximising audience, vertical and horizontal integration |
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Albert Bandura π |
Media can implant ideas in the mind of audiences Audiences aquire attitudes, emotional responses and new styles of conduct through modelling (what they see) Media representations of transgressive behaviour such as violence can lead audience to imiate |
Media implants ideas, attitudes, you are what you see |
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George Gerbner π |
Exposure of repeated patterns of representation over a long period of time shapes and influences the way in people perceive the world around them Cultivating particular views, they usually reinforce mainstream values (hegemonic - dominant values) |
Repeated things, influencing minds |
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Stuart Hall π |
Communication is a process involving encoding by producers and decoding by audiences. 3 positions audiences may stabd when decoding: dominant, negotiated, oppositional |
Encoding, decoding |
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Henry Jenkins π |
Fans are active participants in the construction and circulation of textual meanings. (Sharing, liking, commenting) Fans don't have to like a product, but are active participants Fans appropriate texts and read them in ways that aren't fully authorised by media producers (textual poaching) |
Active audience, fans |
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Clay Shirky π |
Internet and digital technologies have a profound effect between the media and individuals Audience are no longer become passive audience but active by being able to 'speak back' to the media in various ways, this is because of the internet. Becoming prosumers by producing and consuming media at the same time |
End of an audience, active audience, prosumers |
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Young and Rubicam - 4C's π |
Cross Cultural Consumer Characterisation Reformer Resigned Succeeded Struggler Aspirer Mainstreamer MainstreamerExplorer Explorer |
Through motivation they are a... |