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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are macromolecules?
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smaller organic molecules that are joined together to form carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
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polymers
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chain-like molecules formed from the linkage of many small and identical molecules called monomers
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condensation (dehydration) reaction
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one monomer provides a hydroxyl group (-OH) and the other contributes a hydrogen (-H) to release a water molecule
the input of energy and help from enzymes results in a covalent bond between the monomers from which the byproduct is water |
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hydrolysis
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the breaking of bonds between monomers through the addition of water molecules
*adding water to break molecules apart |
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the monomers and functions of carbohydrates
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monomers are monosaccharides
functions: energy, raw materials, energy storage, structural compounds |
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the monomers and functions of proteins
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monomers are amino acids
functions: enzymes, transport, movement, receptors, defense (imune system), structure |
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the monomers and functions of nucleic acids
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monomers are nucleotides
functions: heredity, code for amino acid sequence |
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the monomers and functions of lipids
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monomers: glycerol and fatty acids to facts; phospholipids; steroids (do not form polymers)
functions: energy storage, membranes hormones |
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monosaccharide
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sugar; the monomer of a carbohydrate
CH2O EX: glucose |
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Monosaccharides serve as ___ _______ _______ ___ _____ ________ _________and are synthesized into _________ and _______. They yield ______ in cellular respiration.
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raw materials for the synthesis of other organic molecules
ddisacharides and plysaccharides energy |
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You can recognize a monosaccharide by its multiple a)_______ groups and is one b)________ group, whose location determines whether the sugar is an c)__________ or a d)_________. In aqueous solutions, most monosaccharides form e)________.
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a)
b) c) d) e) |
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disaccaride
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two monosaccharides linked together by a covalent bond formed by a dehydration reaction
ex: table sugar, sucrose |