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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List the 6 different tissues that make up bone.
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bone or osseous tissue
cartilage dense connective tissue epithelium adipose tissue nervous tissue |
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What is "remodeling" of bone?
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the construction of new bone tissue and breaking down of old bone tissue
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What is the "skeletal system"?
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the entire framework of bones and their cartilages
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What is "osteology"?
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the study of bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders
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Bone tissue makes up what % of weight of the human body?
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18%
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What are the six basic functions of the skeletal system?
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support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage
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Explain: skeletal support.
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structural framework for the body by supporting soft tissues & providing attachment points for tendons of skeletal muscles
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Explain: skeletal protection.
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protects the most important internal organs from injury: cranial bones->brain; vertebrae->spinal cord
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Explain: skeletal assistance in movement.
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most skeletal muscles attach to bones; they contract-pull on bones to produce movement
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Explain: skeletal mineral homeostasis
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on demand, bone releases stored minerals (calcium & phosphorus)into blood to maintain critical mineral balances & to distribute minerals throughout body
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Explain: skeletal blood cell production.
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red bone marrow (CT) produces red blood cells, white blood cells, & platelets [hemopoiesis]
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What elements make up red bone marrow?
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developing blood cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, macrapages within a network of reticular fibers
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Where is red bone marrow located?
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fetus: developing bones
adult: pelvis, ribs, breastbone, vertebrae, skull, ends of bones of the arm & thigh |
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Explain: skeletal Triglyceride storage.
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Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of adipose cells which store triglycerides--a potential chemical emergy reserve
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What is a long bone?
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one that has greater length than width
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What are the 7 parts of a long bone?
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diphysis,epiphyses,metaphyses, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, endosteum
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What is: diaphysis?
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the bone's shaft or body--the long cylindrical, main portion of bone
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What is: epiphyses?
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the distal and proximal ends of the bone
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What is: metaphyses?
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regions in a mature bone where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis
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What is an epiphyseal plate?
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a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of bone to grow in length--found in metaphysis
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What is an epiphyseal line?
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the bony structure left when bone ceases to grow in length (age 18-21)and the cartilage is replaced by bone
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What is: articular cartilage?
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a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone
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What is the purpose of articular cartilage?
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reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely movable joints
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What is: periosteum?
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a tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage
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How do the bone-forming cells of the periosteum grow?
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in thickness, not in length
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What is the function of the periosteum?
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protects bone, assists in fracture repair, helps nourish bone tissue, serves as an attachment point for ligaments & tendons
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What are perforating (Sharpey's) fibers?
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thick bundles of collagen fiers that extend from the periosteum into extracellular bone matrix
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what is the function of perforating (Sharpey's) fibers?
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attaches periosteum to underlying bone
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What is the medullary cavity?
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the space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults
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What is another name for the medullary cavity?
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marrow cavity
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What is the endosteum?
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a thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
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What is contained within the endosteum?
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a single layer of bone-forming cells and a small amount of connective tissue
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