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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
MICROORGANISMS
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ORGANISMS THAT ARE TOO SMALL TO BE SEEN WITH THE UNAIDED EYE
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GERM
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RAPIDLY GROWING CELL
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PATHOGEN
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MICROBES THAT CAUSE DISEASE
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WHAT CAUSES:
INFECTIOUS DISEASES? INHERITED DISEASES? |
CAUSED BY PATHOGENS
CAUSED BY GENETICS |
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BENEFITS OF MICROORGANISMS
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1. DECOMPOSE ORGANIC WASTE
2. USE UP C02 PRODUCE O2 3. NITROGEN FIXATION 4. INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS 5. INSECTICIDES 6. FERMENTED FOODS 7. MEDICAL TREATMENTS |
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NITROGEN FIXATION
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CONVERSION OF ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN (N2) INTO USABLE FORMS (NITRATES, AMMONIA, ETC.)
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ANABAENA SPECIES
& RHIZOBIUM SPECIES |
SPECIES INVOLVED IN NITROGEN FIXATION
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TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
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ETHYL ALCOHOL & ACETONE
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BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (Bt)
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BACTERIUM USED AS INSECTICIDE
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YEAST
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UNICELLULAR FUNGI
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WHAT DOES YEAST PRODUCE?
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ETHANOL & CARBON DIOXIDE
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WHAT DOES ACETOBACTERIA DO?
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FERMENTS ETHANOL TO PRODUCE ACETIC ACID (VINEGARS)
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HOW ARE YOGURTS AND CHEESES MADE?
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BACTERIA HYDROLYSES CASEIN (MILK PROTEIN) TO PRODUCE MILK SOLIDS AND LACTOSE (MILK SUGAR) THAT IS THEN FERMENTED TO PRODUCE THE ACIDS(SOUR TASTE)
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ROLE OF MICROBES IN COFFEE & COCOA?
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FRUITS ARE FERMENTED BY MICROBES TO SOFTEN HUSKS AND MAKE THE BEANS HARVESTABLE
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PENICILLIUM
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FUNGUS DISCOVERED BY ALEXANDER FLEMING
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STREPTOMYCES - STREPTOMYCIN
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SOIL BACTERIA FROM WHICH MAY ANTIBIOTICS HAVE BEEN ISOLATED
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HUMANS USE KNOWLEDGE OF MICROBES TO:
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PREVENT FOOD SPOILAGE
PREVENT DISEASE OCCURRENCE PREVENT CONTAMINATION |
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LINNAEUS
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ESTABLISHED THE SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE
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1735
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THREE DOMAINS OF MICROBES
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BACTERIA
ARCHAEA EUKARYA |
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PROKARYOTES?
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BACTERIA
ARCHAEA |
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CELL WALLS OF:
BACTERIA? ARCHAEA? FUNGI? ALGAE? |
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN CHITIN CELLULOSE |
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HOW DO BACTERIA REPLICATE?
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BINARY FISSION
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ENERGY USED BY BACTERIA
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CHEMOAUTOTROPH (INORGANIC)
CHEMOHETEROTROPH (ORGANIC) PHOTOAUTOTROPH (SUN & C02) |
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TYPES OF ARCHAEA
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METHANOGENS
EXTREME HALOPHILES EXTREME THERMOPHILES |
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KINGDOMS OF EUKARYA
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PROTISTA
FUNGI PLANTAE ANIMALIA |
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TYPES OF PROTISTS
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SOME ALGAE
PROTOZOA (MOBLIE) FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST |
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TYPES OF FUNGI
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YEAST
MOLDS MUSHROOMS |
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ENERGY USED BY FUNGI
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CHEMOHETEROTROPH (ORGANIC)
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ENERGY USED BY:
ALGAE PROTOZOA FUNGI |
1.PHOTOSYNTHESIS & ORGANICS
2.ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 3.ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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TYPES OF PLANTAE
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SOME ALGAE, MOSSES, FERNS, TREES & FLOWERING PLANTS
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PHYLUMS OF HELMINTHS
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PLATY-HELMINTHES (FLAT WORMS)
NEMATODA (ROUND WORMS) |
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CLASSES OF PLATYHELMINTHES
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TREMATODA (FLUKES)
CESTOIDEA (TAPEWORMS) |
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DESCRIBE A VIRUS
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ACELLULAR
DNA OR RNA CORE SURROUNDED BY PROTEIN COAT MAY HAVE LIPID ENVELOPE NEED HOST TO REPLICATE |
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CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE OF:
1.BACTERIA 2.ARCHAEA 3.EUKARYA |
1. ONE, CIRCULAR
2. ONE, CIRCULAR 3. 1+, LINEAR |
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RIBOSOMES OF:
1.BACTERIA 2.ARCHAEA 3.EUKARYA |
1. 70S
2. 70S 3. 80S |
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BACTERIA METABOLIC TYPES
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CHEMOAUTOTROPH (INORGANIC)
CHEMOHETEROTROPH (ORGANIC) PHOTOAUTOTROPH (SUN & CO2) PHOTOHETEROTROPH (SUN & CARBON) |
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ARCHAEA METABOLIC TYPES
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CHEMOAUTOTROPH (INORGANIC)
CHEMOHETEROTROPH (ORGANIC) PHOTOAUTOTROPH (SUN & CO2) |
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EUKARYA METABOLIC TYPES
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CHEMOHETEROTROPH (ORGANIC)
PHOTOAUTOTROPH (SUN&H2O) |
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CHEMOAUTOTROPH
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INORGANICS
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CHEMOHETEROTROPH
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ORGANICS
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PHOTOAUTOTROPH
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SUNLIGHT & CO2
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PHOTOHETEROTROPH
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SUNLIGHT & ORGANIC CARBON SOURCE
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DESCRIBE A PIRON
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SINGLE PROTEIN THAT CAUSES INFECTION
ACELLULAR NO DNA/RNA NO PLASMA MEMBRANE |
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CHEMOTHERAPY
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TREATMENT WITH CHEMICALS
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2 TYPES OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
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SYNTHETIC DRUGS OR ANTIBIOTICS
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ANTIBIOTICS
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CHEMICALS PRODUCED BY BACTERIA AND FUNGI THAT INHIBIT OR KILL OTHER MICROBES
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QUININE
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TREE BARK CHEMICAL USED TO TREAT MALARIA
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MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
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RECYCLE NUTRIENTS
DEGRADE SEWAGE |
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BIOREMEDIATION
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DETOX POLLUTANTS
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
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USE OF MICROBES TO PRODUCE FOODS AND CHEMICALS
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GENETIC ENGINEERING
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PRODUCTION OF A VARIETY OF PROTEINS INCLUDING VACCINES & ENZYMES.
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GENE THERAPY
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REPLACEMENT OF MISSING OR DEFECTIVE GENES IN HUMAN CELLS
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BENEFIT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED BACTERIA
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PROTECT CROPS FOR INSECTS & FREEZING
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NORMAL MICROBIOTA (FLORA)
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MICROBES NORMALLY PRESENT IN AND ON THE HUMAN BODY
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PLACES MICROBIOTA ARE NOT NORMALLY FOUND
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BLOOD, CSF, MUSCLE, NERVOUS TISSUE, BONE
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MICROBIOTA ARE HELPFUL BECAUSE:
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COMPETE WITH PATHOGENS
SECRETE TOXINS PRODUCE NUTRIENTS |
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MICROBIAL ANTAGONISM
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SECRETION OF TOXINS THAT INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF PATHOGENS
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RESISTANCE
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THE ABILITY OF THE BODY TO WARD OFF DISEASE
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TYPES OF RESISTANCES
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SKIN
STOMACH ACID ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMICALS |
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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PATHOGENIC MICROBE THAT COVERCOMES THE HOST'S RESISTANCE
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EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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NEW OR CHANGING DISEASES
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REASONS FOR EID'S
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ADAPTATION/MUTATION
GLOBAL TRAVEL UNINHABITED LOCATIONS CLIMATE CHANGE |
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WEST NILE ENCEPHALITIS
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WEST NILE VIRUS TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES.
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BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY
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MAD COW DISEASE CAUSED BY A PRION
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ESCHERICHIA COLI O57:H7
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TOXIN-PRODUCING STRAIN OF E. COLI CAUSING DIARRHEA
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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA
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MRSA
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INVASIVE GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS
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FLESH EATING BACTERIA
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EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
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EBOLA VIRUS CAUSES FATAL FEVER, HEMORRHAGING, AND BLOOD CLOTTING
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HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME
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VIRUS CAUSING RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS CARRIED BY RATS
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ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
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CAUSED BY HIV VIRUS
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BACCILLUS ANTHRACIS
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BACTERIA THAT CAUSES ANTHRAX
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PHYLOGENETIC HIERARCHY
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GROUPING ORGANISMS ACCORDING TO COMMON PROPERTIES, SUGGESTIVE OF A COMMON ANCESTOR.
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SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE
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SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES TO PREVENT VARIETY DUE TO REGIONAL OR LANGUAGE DIFFERENCES
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BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
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USE OF TWO NAMES: GENUS AND SPECIES (SPECIFIC EPITHET) UNDERLINED OR ITALICIZED
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TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY
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ALL LIVING THINGS DIVIDED AND SUBDIVIDED INTO GROUPS WITH SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS
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WHAT IS THE HIERARCHICAL ORDER OF TAXONOMIC SUBDIVISIONS?
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DOMAIN, KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES
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HOW ARE PROKARYOTES CLASSIFIED?
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DIVIDED BY DOMAIN (BACTERIA OR ARCHEA) AND THEN PHYLUM (NO KINGDOM) BASED ON CHARACTERISTICS NOT RELATED TO REPRODUCTION
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR EUKARYOTIC KINGDOMS?
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PROTISTA, FUNGI, PLANTAE ANIMALIA
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HOW ARE VIRUSES CLASSIFIED
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THEY ARE NOT IN ANY OF THE 3 DOMAINS B/C THEY DO NOT HAVE CELLS & NEED LIVING HOSTS
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