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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anabolism |
process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids |
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catabolism |
process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released |
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cell membrane |
surrounds and protects the cell; determines what leaves and enters the cell |
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chromosomes |
rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes |
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cytoplasm |
all the material that is outside the nucleus but inside the cell membrane |
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DNA |
chemical found within each chromosome; directs the activities of the cell |
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endoplasmic reticulum |
network of canals within the cytoplasm, here large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces |
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genes |
regions of DNA within each chromosome |
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karyotype |
picutre of chromosomes in the nucleus |
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metabolism |
catabolism and anabolism |
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mitochondria |
provide principal source of energy, catabolism occurs here |
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nucleus |
control center of the cell; contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell |
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ribosomes |
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum; aid in anabolism |
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cell |
the smallest living unit |
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tissue |
group of similar cells working together to do a specific job |
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histologist |
specialist in the study of tissues |
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epithelial tissue |
lines internal organs and the outside of the body |
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muscle tissue |
voluntary and involuntary varieties; specialized cardiac variety |
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connective tissue |
adipose, cartilage, bone, blood |
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nerve tissue |
conducts impulses all over the body |
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organs |
tissues combine to form them |
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viscera, viscus |
internal organs |
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digestive system |
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
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pharynx |
throat |
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urinary or excretory system |
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
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ureters |
tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
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urethra |
tube from the bladder to the outside of the body |
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respiratory system |
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs |
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larynx |
voice box |
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trachea |
windpipe |
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reproductive system |
female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland |
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uterus |
womb |
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endocrine system |
thyroid gland (neck), pituitary gland (base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands |
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nervous system |
brain, spinal cord, nerves, collections of nerves |
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circulatory |
heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland |
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musculoskeletal |
muscles, bones, and joints |
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skin and sense organs |
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue |
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adipose tissue |
collection of fat cells |
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cartilage |
flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints |
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cranial cavity |
brain, pituitary gland |
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thoracic cavity |
lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta made up of the pleural cavity and the mediastinum cavity |
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pleural cavity |
space between the pleura surrounding each lung |
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pleura |
double folded membrane that surrounds and protects the lungs |
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mediastinum |
space outside of and between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, broncial tubes and lymph nodes |
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abdominal cavity |
surrounded by the peritoneum and separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm, contains the kidneys,stomach, intestines, splean, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder |
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pelvic cavity |
portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in the female |
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spinal |
nerves of the spinal cord |
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dorsal |
back (posterior) |
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ventral |
front (anterior) |
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abdominopelvic cavity |
referencing both the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity as they have no specific separation |
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diaphragm |
muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; moves up and down and aids in breathing |
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hypochondriac region |
right and left upper regions beneath the ribs |
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epigastric region |
middle upper region above the stomach |
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lumbar region |
right and left middle regions near the waist |
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umbilical region |
central region near the navel |
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inguinal region |
right and left lower regions near the groin; also called the iliac regions |
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hypogastric region |
middle lower region below the umbilical region |
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RUQ |
right upper quadrant |
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LUQ |
left upper quadrant |
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RLQ |
right lower quadrant |
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LLQ |
left lower quadrant |
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cervical division |
neck region (C1 to C7) |
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thoracic division |
chest region (T1 to T12) |
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lumbar division |
loin (waist) region (L1 to L5) |
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sacral division |
region of the sacrum (S1 to S5) |
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coccygeal division |
region of the coccyx (tailbone) |
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vertebra |
single backbone |
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vertebrae |
backbones |
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spinal column |
bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity |
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spinal cord |
nervous tissue within the spinal cavity |
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disk (disc) |
pad of cartilage between vertebrae |
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anterior (ventral) |
front surface of the body
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deep |
away from the surface |
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distal |
far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure |
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frontal (coronal) plane |
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions |
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inferior (caudal) |
below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body |
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lateral |
pertaining to the side |
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medial |
pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body |
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posterior (dorsal) |
back surface of the body |
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prone |
lying on the belly |
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proximal |
near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure |
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sagittal (lateral) plane |
lendthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structures into right and left sides |
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superficial |
on the surface |
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superior (cephalic) |
above another structure; pertaining to the head |
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supine |
lying on the back |
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transverse (axial) plane |
horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions |
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abdomin/o |
abdomen |
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adip/o |
fat |
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anter/o |
front |
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bol/o |
to cast (throw) |
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cervic/o |
neck (of the body or uterus) |
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chondr/o |
cartilage |
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chom/o |
color |
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coccyg/o |
coccyx |
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crani/o |
skull |
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cyt/o |
cell |
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dist/o |
far |
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dors/o |
back portion of the body |
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hist/o |
tissue |
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ili/o |
ilium (part of the pelvic bone) |
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inguin/o |
groin |
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kary/o |
nucleus |
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later/o |
side |
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lumb/o |
lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis) |
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medi/o |
middle |
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nucle/o |
nucleus |
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pelvi/i |
pelvis, hip region |
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poster/o |
back, behind |
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proxim/o |
nearest |
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sacr/o |
sacrum |
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sarc/o |
flesh |
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spin/o |
spine, backbone |
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thel/o, theli/o |
nipple |
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thorac/o |
chest |
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trache/o |
trachea, windpipe |
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umbilic/o |
navel, umbilicus |
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ventr/o |
belly side of the body |
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vertebr/o |
vertebra(e), backbones
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viscer/o |
internal organs |
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ana- |
up |
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cata- |
down |
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epi- |
above |
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hypo- |
below |
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inter- |
between |
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meta- |
change |
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-eal |
pertaining to |
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-iac |
pertaining to |
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-ior |
pertaining to |
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-ism |
process, condition |
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-ose |
pertaining to, full of |
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-plasm |
formation |
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-somes |
bodies |
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-type |
picture, classification |