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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
This is the structural and functional unit of all living matter
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Cell
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The cell membrane is also called the ______ membrane
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Plasma
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What separates the intracellular (inside the cell) material from the extracellular (outside the cell) material
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Cell membrane
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The cell membrane can select what substances are allowed to cross it and it is said to be selectively permeable, or _________
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Semipermeable
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The cell membrane is composed primarily of ______ and _______
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Phospholipids and protein
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This structure contains cellular contents, is a phospholipid bilayer, and regulates what enters and leaves the cell
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Cell membrane
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Surrounds and supports organelles and is the gel-like substance found inside the cell but outside the nucleus
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Cytoplasm
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This type of endoplasmic reticulum is where protein is synthesized
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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This type of endoplasmic reticulum is where lipids and steroids are made
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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This intracellular structure converts energy in nutrients to ATP ( power plant of the cell)
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Mitochondria
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This intracellular structure packages protein in membranes
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Golgi apparatus
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This structure is the site of protein synthesis
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Ribosomes
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These structures contain powerful enzymes to destroy waste, bacteria, etc. Also known as the "housekeepers" of the cell
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Lysosomes
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This structure provides for intracellular shape and support
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cytoskeleton
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These structures separate chromosomes during mitosis
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Centrioles
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These create movement over the cell surface
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Cilia
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These structures allow sperm to swim
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Flagella
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the control center of the cell that contains genetic information is called the ______
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Nucleus
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The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleus is called the ______ membrane
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Nuclear
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The gel like substance within the nucleus is called _______
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nucleoplasm
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The structures inside the cell are called little organs or __________
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Organelles
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The inner layer of the mitochondria that has many folds is referred to as _______
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Cristae
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What structure in the cell membrane allows substances to pass that will not dissolve within the phospholipid bilayer
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Pores ( holes in the membrane formed by proteins)
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Substances can be moved across the cell membrane with or without the use of energy (ATP). This is called ______ transport (without energy) and ______ transport (with energy)
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Passive, Active
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Name the four types of passive transport
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Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis, and Filtration
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Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called ________
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Diffusion
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The most common transport mechanism is _______
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Diffusion
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A helper molecule helps move a substance from an area of high to low concentration. This is called __________
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Facilitated diffusion
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Movement of water (solvent) from an area with more water to an area with less water is called __________
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Osmosis
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Movement of water/dissolved substances from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure is called _________
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Filtration
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Movement of a substance from low to high concentration that requires ATP is called a/an ___________
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Active transport pumps
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A general term for taking in or ingestion of water or solids by the cell membrane is _______
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Endocytosis
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Cellular eating. Taking in solid particles via the cell membrane
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Phagocytosis
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Taking in water droplets by the cell membrane ( Cellular drinking) is called ________
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Pinocytosis
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Secretion of cellular products out of the cell is called ________
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Exocytosis
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When the concentrations on both sides of a membrane are the same a state called _______ has been reached
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Equilibrium
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_________ is the ability of a solution to affect the volume and pressure within a cell
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Tonicity
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A/an ______ solution is one in which the solution has the same concentration as the intracellular fluid
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Isotonic
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If the solution has a lower concentration than that found inside a cell, the solution is said to be ________
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Hypotonic
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If a solution has a higher concentration than that found inside a cell, the solution is said to be ___________
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Hypertonic
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This type of cell division is involved in bodily growth and repair. It results in two identical "daughter cells"
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Mitosis
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The cell cycle is divided into two major phases: ________ and _______
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Interphase, mitosis
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Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are stages of ________
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Mitosis
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When a cell develops it begins to specialize or _______ to produce a specific cell type
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Differentiate
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What is the name of a cell that is relatively undifferentiated and whose function is the production of additional unspecialized cells
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Stem cells
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A noncancerous tumor could also be called ________
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Benign
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A cancerous tumor could also be called a ______ tumor
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Malignant
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The spreading of cancer cells is called _________
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Metastasis
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Cell death is also called cell ________
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Necrosis
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A decrease in the size of the cells, leading to a wasting away of tissues and organs
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Atrophy
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Abnormal cell growth with a change in cell size, shape, and organization. These are said to be pre-cancerous
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Dysplasia
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Overgrowth or increase in the numbers of cells that increases the size of tissues and organs
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Hyperplasia
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Transformation of one cell type into another
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Metaplasia
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Death of cells or groups of cells
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Necrosis
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Abnormal new growth, also called a tumor. Can be cancerous or benign
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Neoplasm
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This type of cell division occurs only in sex cells
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Meiosis
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