The Endocrine System: Short Answer

Front 1

The products of the endocrine glands are _______.

Back 1

hormones

Front 2

Steroid hormones are lipid molecules synthesized from _________.

Back 2

cholesterol

Front 3

All hormones are transported in the body by the ___________.

Back 3

blood

Front 4

Estrogen, progesterone, and cortisol are examples of __________.

Back 4

steroid hormones

Front 5

When non steroid hormones interact with cells they may affect the activity of an enzyme called ________.

Back 5

adenyl cyclase

Front 6

The pituitary gland lies in the saddle of a sphenoid bone called the _________.

Back 6

sella turcica

Front 7

The hormones released by the posterior pituitary gland are produced by a portion of the brain called the _________.

Back 7

hypothalamus

Front 8

Another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is ________.

Back 8

adenohypophysis

Front 9

Oversecretion of the human growth hormone during childhood results in __________.

Back 9

gigantism

Front 10

The thyroid gland is located in the tissues of the _________.

Back 10

neck

Front 11

In order to produce thyroxin, the diet must contain ________.

Back 11

iodine

Front 12

Insufficient secretion of thyroxin in infants and children can result in a disease called ________.

Back 12

cretinism

Front 13

An excess of thyroxin can result in a condition known as __________.

Back 13

Graves' disease

Front 14

The hormone TSH is secreted by the pituitary gland and has an effect on the ____________.

Back 14

thyroid gland

Front 15

The hormone that acts on the mammary glands and stimulates the production of milk is called ________.

Back 15

prolactin

Front 16

One hormone of the posterior pituitary gland acts on the kidney tubules and is called ____________.

Back 16

antidiuretic hormone

Front 17

The hormone whose target tissue is the uterus where it induces contractions is called __________.

Back 17

oxytocin

Front 18

In the absence of dietary iodine, the thyroid gland swells and produces a condition called ________.

Back 18

goiter

Front 19

The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior surface of the ________.

Back 19

thyroid gland

Front 20

Parathyroid hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands regulates the body body's level of _________.

Back 20

calcium

Front 21

The calcium-regulating hormone of the thyroid gland is called ________.

Back 21

calcitonin

Front 22

The large glandular organ of the abdominal cavity beneath the stomach is the __________.

Back 22

pancreas

Front 23

Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas produces an insufficient supply of _________.

Back 23

insulin

Front 24

Insulin promotes cell uptake of _________.

Back 24

glucose

Front 25

When a person has not eaten, the pancreas produces the hormone ___________.

Back 25

glucagon

Front 26

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreas known as _________.

Back 26

beta cells

Front 27

The adrenal glands may be found on the superior borders of the _________.

Back 27

kidneys

Front 28

The outer tissue of the adrenal gland is known as the ____________.

Back 28

cortex

Front 29

Aldosterone is an example of adrenal hromones called ___________.

Back 29

mineralocorticoids

Front 30

The metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fats is regulated by hormones of the adrenal glands called ________.

Back 30

glucocorticoids

Front 31

The activity of the adrenal gland is regulated by an anterior pituitary hormone abbreviated as ______.

Back 31

ACTH

Front 32

An insufficient secretion of hormones form the adrenal cortex may result in the disease called __________.

Back 32

Addison's disease

Front 33

Another hame for the parathyroid hormone is _____________.

Back 33

parathormone

Front 34

The hormone insulin is composed exclusively of ____________.

Back 34

protein

Front 35

The function of the hormone glucagon is to stimulate the break-down of the carbohydrate _________

Back 35

glycogen

Front 36

The inner tissue of the adrenal gland is called the _____________.

Back 36

medulla

Front 37

The concentration of electrolytes in the body is regulated by adrenal hormones called ____________.

Back 37

mineralocorticoids

Front 38

An important hormone of the adrenal medulla which functions in the "fight or flight" response is called _________.

Back 38

epinephrine

Front 39

Oversecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex can result in ________.

Back 39

Cushing's syndrome

Front 40

The corpus luteum of woman secretes the hormone _________.

Back 40

progesterone

Front 41

The small endocrine gland located in the midbrain that secretes melatonin is the __________.

Back 41

pineal gland

Front 42

The thymus gland plays an important role in the development of white blood cells called _____________.

Back 42

T-lymphocytes

Front 43

Numerous cells in various organs of the body secrete lipid hormones called _____________.

Back 43

prostaglandins

Front 44

The hormone erythropoetin functions during the maturation of ___________.

Back 44

red blood cells

Front 45

Hormones from the ovaries influence the secondary sex characteristics of the ____________.

Back 45

female

Front 46

The hormone that is believed to regulate mating behavior and the day-night cycle is called _____________.

Back 46

melatonin

Front 47

Female sex hormones are known as _____________.

Back 47

estrogens

Front 48

The location of the pineal gland is within the ______________.

Back 48

brain

Front 49

The maturation and development of T-lymphocytes is regulated by hormones called ______________.

Back 49

thymosins

Front 50

The hormones gastrin and secretin function in the process of __________.

Back 50

digestion