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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The heart is enclosed within an area of the thorax known as the __________.
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mediastinum
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The double sac membrane that covers the heart is the ______________.
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pericardium
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The heart has three layers of tissue; the middle and thickest layer is called the ________________.
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myocardium
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The layer of the heart tissue lining the heart chambers and making up much of the valve tissue is the __________.
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endocardium
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The heart chambers are separated longitudinally by a body of tissue known as the ____________.
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cardiac septum
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The blood receiving chambers of the heart are the ____________.
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atria
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The flat, wrinkled appendage of the atrium is the ______________.
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auricle
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The two vena cavae enter the right atrium along with a third vein known as the ________________.
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coronary sinus
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The pumping chambers of the heart are the _________________.
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ventricles
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Blood returns to the heart from the lungs by means of the _____________.
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pulmonary veins
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The heart is enclosed within an area of the thorax known as the __________.
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mediastinum
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The double sac membrane that covers the heart is the ______________.
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pericardium
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The heart has three layers of tissue; the middle and thickest layer is called the ________________.
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myocardium
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The layer of the heart tissue lining the heart chambers and making up much of the valve tissue is the __________.
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endocardium
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The heart chambers are separated longitudinally by a body of tissue known as the ____________.
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cardiac septum
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The blood receiving chambers of the heart are the ____________.
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atria
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The flat, wrinkled appendage of the atrium is the ______________.
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auricle
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The two vena cavae enter the right atrium along with a third vein known as the ________________.
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coronary sinus
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The pumping chambers of the heart are the _________________.
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ventricles
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Blood returns to the heart from the lungs by means of the _____________.
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pulmonary veins
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The large artery carrying blood from the left ventricle of the heart is the ________________.
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aorta
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Those blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are ____________.
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arteries
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Those blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart are ____________.
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veins
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On the right side of the heart, the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the ______________.
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tricuspid valve
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On the left side of the heart, the bicuspid valve has two flaps and is also known as the _______________.
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mitral valve
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The flaps of the heart valves are anchored to the wall of the ventricles by tissue chords known as _______________.
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chordae tendinae
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The valves leading to the pulmonary trunk and aorta are referred to as the _______________.
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semilunar valves
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Arteries that supply blood to the tissue of the heart are the ______________.
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coronary arteries
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A blockage found in the heart muscle formed by dead cells is a(n) __________________.
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myocardial infarction
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Cardiac muscle cells are connected to one another by junctions called ________________.
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intercalated disks
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The sinoatrial node of the heart may be found in the wall of the _______________.
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right atrium
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Because the sinoatrial node sets the pace for the autorhythmic cardiac muscle activity of the heart, it is commonly known as the ______________.
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pacemaker
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The specialized cardiac muscle fibers in the interventricular septum, which distribute nerve impulses to tissues of the ventricles are the ____________.
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Purkinje fibers
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The second major node of the heart receives stimuli from the sinoatrial node and is called the ____________.
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atrioventricular node
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Irregular heart rhythms sometimes occur and are known as ___________.
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arrhythmias
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The autorhythmic activity of the heart can be modified by a branch of the nervous system known as the _________________.
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autonomic nervous system
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Heart contraction is known by the alternate term of ____________.
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systole
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Relaxation periods of the heart when contractions are not occurring are known as ______________.
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dystole
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The heart normally beats each minute approximately ___________.
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70-75 times
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Unusual heart sounds, such as those emitted by poorly functioning valves, are called ________________.
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murmurs
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The smallest vessels, which carry blood to the cells of the tissues are the ____________.
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capillaries
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The innermost layer of the artery is referred to as ________________.
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endothelium (tunica interna)
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When an artery's lumen is narrowed, the condition is called ______________.
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vasoconstriction
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The entry to many capillary beds are guarded by circular muscles known as ________________.
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sphincters
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The union of several capillaries emerging from the cellular environment forms a vessel known as a(n) _____________.
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venule
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The inner layer of the vein often folds inward to form a(n) _______________.
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valve
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Dilated veins with pooled blood cause a condition known as ___________.
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varicose veins
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The pressure of the blood can be measured by an instrument known as a(n) _____________.
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sphygmomanometer
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A typical blood pressure reading contains two numbers of which the first number is the systolic pressure and the second number is the ___________________.
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diastolic pressure
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A rapid pulse reflects a rapid heart rate and a condition called _____________.
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tachycardia
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A slow pulse reflects a slow heart rate and a condition called ____________.
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bradycardia
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The volume of blood passing through the circulation of an adult is approximately ______________.
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five liters
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The regulatory center of the brain that maintains the flow of blood is a cluster of sympathetic neurons known as the _________________.
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vasomotor center
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Neurons in arteries of the neck and chest help regulate the blood flow and are known as ________________.
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baroreceptors
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Two examples of chemicals that affect the blood pressure by inducting vasoconstriction are epinephrine and ____________________.
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norepinephrine
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Insufficient oxygen and nutrients delivered to the body cells may induce a condition known as _____________.
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shock
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The only artery of the body that carries oxygen-poor blood is the ________________.
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pulmonary artery
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The only vein of the body that carries oxygen-rich blood is the ____________.
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pulmonary vein
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The pattern of blood vessels within the brain is known as the _____________.
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circle of Willis
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The vein that carries nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver is the ________________.
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hepatic portal vein
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