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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some ways SC prepared for war? |
They created the General Meeting and the Provincial Congress |
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What did the General Meeting do? |
They sent delegates to the first continental congress and created the provincial congress |
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What did the Provincial congress do? |
Made 3 SC militias, created the council of safety, spied in the Brits, and made a new SC constitution |
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Battles of Concord & Lexington |
Brits planned to go from Boston to Concord and pass through Lexington, but were attacked by Minute Men using hit and run tactics. Eventually the patriot militia surrounded Boston, trapping the Brits |
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What was the loyalist/patriot percents in SC? |
1/3= Loyalist ( mostly in CHAS and backcountry) 1/3= Patriot 1/3= neutral |
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Why be a patriot? |
Anger over no tax. w/o rep. Anger over Brit tyranny Desire of self gov |
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Why be a loyalist? |
SC’s biggest customer= GB Protection from enemies Many saw SC’s gov as worse than GB’s gov Land from King Dangerous to fight strongest nation |
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Battle at Ninety Six |
Loyalists attacked patriots in fort Ended with both sides ceasefire JAMES BIRMINGHAM- 1st Patriot death in SC |
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Battle at Cane break (snow campaign) |
Patriots in SC forced loyalists into Cherokee area Patriots defeated loyalists on Dec. 22 along reedy river Patriots thought backcountry was pacified(they were wrong😬) |
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Battle of Breeds Hill |
Patriots occupied BH on top Brits charged at patriots from bottom Brits won, but victory was Pyrrhic( victory not worth cost, gaining little) As a result King declares OPEN REBELLION and creates war |
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Battle at Sullivan’s Island |
Brits invaded CHAS with 9 warships and 2,500 men William Moultre and small militia defend small palmetto fort, and won Brits don’t invade SC for another 3 yrs |
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2nd Continental Congress |
Met after Lexington and Concord Created continental army Signed the DOI on July 4th, 1776 |
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What were some SC things included in the DOI? |
SC signers- Thomas Lynch, Edward Rutledge, Arthur Middleton, & Thomas Heyward Singers protested slavery being called “ a cruel war against human nature “ |
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What are the parts of the DOI? |
Preamble, declaration of rights, list of grievances, and formal separation |
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Arrival of Washington |
Immediately he takes command of the patriot militia and forces the British to leave Boston |
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Battle of NYC |
British attack NYC and drive Washington across Delaware river |
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Battles of Trenton and Princeton |
Washington recrosses the Delaware to surprise German hessians on x-mas eve Patriots battle and win 2 small victories at Trenton and Princeton This boosts patriot MORALE |
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What happened in the winter of 1777? |
Both sides encamped for winter British in NYC And patriots in Morristown NJ |
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What was the new British plan? |
To take control of the Hudson River and cut off New England bc it was the hot bed of rebellion How? Send two armies to control Hudson River John Burgoyne leads his army south and William Howe leads army to north where both would meet in Albany NY |
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What was the British Mistake? |
William Howe took army to Philadelphia instead, so the Patriots were able to defeat Burgoynes army at Saratoga NY |
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Battle at Saratoga |
1st real patriot win Stopped British plan completely Morale boosted! French join patriots afterwards |
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Valley Forge Winter encampment |
Patriot army camped at Valley forge PN very close to British in Philadelphia Cold winter with low food and supplies Baron Von Steuben arrives and trains continental army |
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Stalemate in North |
British army in Philly leaves and returns to NYC Washington followed Brits, doing well in battle Neither side can gain advantage |
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2nd British Plan |
British decide to focus on South bc of loyalist support and $ Plan was to retake southern colonies one at a time and work up until meeting Other Brits in GA |
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Fall of Savannah GA |
Fell easily, most of GA reclaimed by Brits |
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Siege of CHAS |
Henry Clinton led Brits from NYC to CHAS Benjamin Lincoln fought hard with his army, but CHAS fell to the British after a 5 week siege in 1779 |
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Results of Charleston’s Fall |
British captured all of southern continental army Brits got plantations, supplies, &$ Militia volunteers offered parole ( told not to fight Brits ) CHAS became southern hq for British army Charles Cornwallis becomes commander of Southern British army Brits establish forts in SC |
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Buford Massacre |
Banastre Tarleton was sent to chase down Abraham Buford and his small patriot force Tarleton and his men caught Buford and his men and defeated them, gave NO mercy Slaughtered and murdered many Patriots battle cry- “ remember tarleton’s Quarter!!” |
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Battle of Camden |
Congress sent another Continental army into SC under Horatio Gates, the man who won at Saratoga Washington hates Gates Gates and Cornwallis’ armies bump into each other in Camden SC |
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How did Gates organize for battle? |
Militia on left- fled! Continental on right- fought well but lost Gates fled all the way to NC |
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Partisan Warfare |
Partisan- organized resistance against army Not connected to larger force |
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Why did Partisan warfare develop in SC? |
Continental army was defeated, outrage over British brutality, & Brits changed parole, they now had to fight to support Brits! |
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Guerilla Warfare |
Hit and run Learned from fighting Indians Fighting British in open battle was ineffective Surprise ambushes or Brits supplies, camps, etc Brutal! Rejected rules of war, fought out of personal hatred |
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Effect of Partisan battle |
Small battles(skirmishes) slowed Brit effort Bought time for new cont army |
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Battle at Kings Mountain |
Cornwallis put Patrick Ferguson in charge of a small loyalist army Ferguson challenged patriots in mtns to either support the British or die! Over mountain men travelled by foot to attack Ferguson OMN caught Ferguson’s army at Kings Mtn SC and surrounded the hill. They then defeated Ferguson 1st MAJOR win since CHAS Many call this the turning point of the war Cornwallis retreats back to SC |
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Effect of win at Kings Mtn |
Congress decided to listen to Washington, and sent Nathanael Greene to take over 1/2 naked and starving army in SC Just before going into SC he split army in 2- 1/2 in peedee and 1/2 in upstate under Daniel Morgan |
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Battle of Cowpens |
Morgan’s army was being chased my banastre Tarleton, and they fought at cowpens Battle plan-1st line was sharp shooters to take out leaders and then go to 2nd line. 2nd line was Pickens militia who fired 1-2 rounds of bullets, and then went behind 3rd line 3rd line was continental regulars who stood and fought Very back were the horsemen |
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Battle of Cowpens (continued) |
What happened? Sharpshooters do well and fall back behind 2 Militia fire and then retreat left Horsemen cover militias retreat Horsemen mistook command and begin orderly retreat British change Continental army |
