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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atom?
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An atom is a nucleus surrounded by a cloud with moving electrons..
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Nucleus?
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The nucleus is the center of the atom.
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Protons?
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The positive particles inside the nucleus are called protons.
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Atomic number?
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the atomic number.
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Neutrons?
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Neutrons are another type of particle in the nucleus. Neutrons and protons have about the same mass, but neutrons have no charge.
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Isotopes?
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Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons in the nucleus, but have different masses.
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Atomic mass unit (amu)?
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The atomic mass unit (amu) is the standard unit for measuring the mass of an atom. It is equal to the mass of a carbon atom.
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Mass number?
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The mass number of an atom is the sum of its protons and neutrons.
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Atomic mass?
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The atomis mass of an element is an average of the nass numbers of its atoms.
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Stable electron arrangement?
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A stable electron arrangement is an atom that has all of its electrons in the lowest possible energy levels.
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Excited electrons?
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Excited electrons are electrons that have absorbed energy and have moved farther from the neuclus.
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Element?
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An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into other stustances.
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An Atom?
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An atom is the smallest particle of the lement that retains the properties of the element.
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A molecule?
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A molecule is the smallest particle of substance that can exist independently and has all of the properties of that substance.
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A compound?
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A compound is made of two or more elements that have been chemically combined.
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A Chemical Formula?
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A chemical formula is a shorthand way ofshowing what is in a compound by using symbols and subscripts.
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A Mixture?
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A mixture is any combination of two or more substances in which the substances keep their own properties.
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Common Compounds?
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Common compounds are acids, bases, salts and oxides and are classified according to their characteristics.
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Common Compound: An Acid?
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An acid contains one element of hydrogen (H), acids have a sour taste.
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Common Compound: A Base?
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Bases have a bitter taste and the strong ones feel slippery; strong one can be dangerous; contain the elements oxygen and hydrogen (OH).
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Common bases?
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Common bases are:
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 |
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An indicator?
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An indicator is a substance that changes color when it comes in contact with an acid of a base. (Litmus paper)
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A neutral?
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A substance that is neither acid nor base is neutral. Neutral substances do not change the color of litmus paper.
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A Salt?
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Salt is formed when an acid and a base combine chemically. Water is also formed. The process is called neutralization.
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An Oxides
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Oxides are compounds that are formed when oxygen combines with another element. Rust is an oxide formed when oxygen combines with iron.
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A Chemical Reaction?
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One or more substances are formed during a chemical reaction. Energy is released during some chemical reactions.
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Law of conservation of energy?
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Like, energy can change form but it can be neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction, this is the law of conservation of energy.
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Valence electrons?
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The outermost electrons in the atoms are called valence electrons. Because they are the ones involved in the bonding process, they determine the properties of the element,
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A chemical bond?
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A chemical bond is a force of attraction that holds atoms together.
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A covalent bond?
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A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons
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Covalent compounds?
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Covalent compounds are compounds whose atoms are joined by covalent bonds.
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An ionic bond?
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An iconic bond is a bond formed by the transfer of electrons.
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Iconic Compound?
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Compounds that result from the transfer of metal atoms to nonmetal atoms are called iconic compounds.
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Ions?
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Ions are atoms with an unequal number of protons and electrons.
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Composition reaction?
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In a composition reaction, two or more substances combine to form a compound.
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Decomposition Reaction?
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In a decomposition reaction, a compound breaks down into two or more simplier substances.
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Single replacement reaction?
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In a single replacement reaction, a free element replaces an element that is part of a compound.
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Double replacement reaction?
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In a double replacement reaction, parts of two compounds replace each other. In this case, the compounds seem to switch partners.
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Cellular Respiration?
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Cellular respiration is the metabolic pathway in which food (glucose, etc.) is broken down to produce energy in the form off ATP.
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Oxidation-reduction reaction(redox)?
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In respiration, energy is released by the transfer of electrons in a process know as an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction.
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Photosynthesis?
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Photosynthesis is an anabolic process that stores energy in the form of a three carbon sugar. Photosynthesis is done only by organisms that contain chloroplasts (plants, some bacteria, some protists).
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Chloroplast?
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The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis.
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Calvin Cycle?
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The second stage of photosynthesis is the Calvin cycle.
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Materials Science?
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Materials science is based on the physics and chemistry of the solid state and embraces all aspects of engineering materials, including metals and their alloys, ceramic materials such as plastic, and rubbers together with semi-conducting and composite material.
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Biochemistry?
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Biochemistry is the study of chemical and physiochemical properties of living organisms. An example is the study of cell metabolism.
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