Test Two: Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism

Front 1

Asceticism

Back 1

renunciation of worldly pleasures it is possible to achieve a high spiritual or intellectual state.

Front 2

Ahimsa

Back 2

Non-violence - derived from the concept that all things have a soul and should not be harmed.

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Kevela

Back 3

Liberation or true knowledge.

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Vardhamana/Mahavira

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Indian sage who was one of the major propagators of Jainism. According to Jain tradition, he was the 24th and the last Tirthankara (a human being who helps in achieving liberation and enlightenment as an "Arihant")

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Jiva

Back 5

Consciousness, the immortal essence of a being, a living organism which survives physical death. Comes from the Sankrit word "to breath".

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Ajiva

Back 6

Material things, the anything in the non-spiritual realm.The opposite of Jiva, it has not life and cannot accumulate Karma and cannot die.

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Shramana

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Non-Vedic movement parallel to Vedic Hinduism in ancient India. responsible for the related concepts of saṃsāra (the cycle of birth and death) and moksha (liberation from that cycle)

Front 8

Ashoka

Back 8

Great Buddhist king who ruled the Indian subcontinent ca. 272-236 BCE. Responsible for the spread of Buddhism throughout the region.

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Mendicant

Back 9

begging or relying on charitable donations, and is most widely used for religious followers or ascetics who rely exclusively on charity to survive. The original types of monks for Buddhism.

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Nirvana

Back 10

It is a term for enlightenment.

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Five aggregates

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"form" or "matter" - external and internal matter. Externally, rupa is the physical world. Internally, rupa includes the material body and the physical sense organs.

"sensation" or "feeling" - sensing an object as either pleasant or unpleasant or neutral."perception", "conception", "apperception", "cognition", or "discrimination - registers whether an object is recognized or not (for instance, the sound of a bell or the shape of a tree).

"mental formations", "impulses", "volition", or "compositional factors" - all types of mental habits, thoughts, ideas, opinions, prejudices, compulsions, and decisions triggered by an object.

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Bhikkhu

Back 12

Buddhist monk

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Bhikkuni

Back 13

Buddhist nun

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Sangha

Back 14

the monastic community of ordained Buddhist monks or nuns.

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Stupa

Back 15

is a mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics, typically the ashes of deceased, used by Buddhists as a place of meditation

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Vinnaya

Back 16

the regulatory framework for the Buddhist monastic community, or sangha, based on the canonical texts called Vinaya Pitaka.

Front 17

Abhidharma

Back 17

Buddhist texts which contain detailed scholastic and scientific reworkings of doctrinal material appearing in the Buddhist Sutras, according to schematic classifications.

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Mahasamghika

Back 18

Early school of Buddhism incorporating new thinking on the transcendental Buddha. Source of the Mahayana doctrines

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Arhant

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A perfected saint who has reached nirvana and will be released from samsara at death.

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Bodhisattva

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Being on its way to enlightenment. The religious ideals for Mahayana

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Shunyata

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is a Buddhist term that is translated into English as emptiness

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Tathagatagarbha

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means Buddha-nature. Associated concerned with what sentient beings become Buddhas.

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Dependent co-rising

Back 23

states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect

Front 24

Upostha

Back 24

is Buddhist day of observance. The Buddha taught that the Uposatha day is for "the cleansing of the defiled mind," resulting in inner calm and joy

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Vesakha

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is a holy day observed traditionally by Buddhists "Buddha's Birthday", it actually encompasses the birth, enlightenment and death

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Guru

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Leader and guide for Sikhs, through whom Gods word is channeled, there are 10 gurus, and God and the Adi Granith are also considered to be gurus.

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Adi Granth

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(or Granith Sahib) The 'original collection', sacred scripture of the Sikhs. See below.

Front 28

Granth Sahib

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is the living Guru of Sikhism.

Front 29

Kabir

Back 29

mystic poet and sant of India, whose writings have greatly influenced the Bhakti movement

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Gurdwara

Back 30

Gateway to the Guru, is the place of worship for Sikhs, the followers of Sikhism.

Front 31

Golden Temple

Back 31

prominent Sikh Gurdwara located in the city of Amritsar, Punjab, India. built by the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev, in the 16th Century.

Front 32

Five Beloved Ones

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The Panj Piare literally the five beloved ones

Front 33

Five K’s

Back 33

Five Articles of Faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times as commanded by the tenth Sikh Guru. Kesh, Kanga, Kara, Kachera, Kirpan

Front 34

Kesh

Back 34

uncut hair

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Kangha

Back 35

a wooden comb

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Kara

Back 36

a metal bracelet

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Kachera

Back 37

a specific style of cotton undergarments

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Kirpan

Back 38

a strapped curved dagger

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Singh

Back 39

common title, middle name, or surname used originally by the Hindu Kshatriyas (warriors and kings).

It is derived from the Sanskrit word Sinha meaning Lion.

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Kaur

Back 40

Sikhism (meaning: "Princess" or "Lioness") is a mandatory last name for female Sikhs. However, it is often used as a middle name.

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Udasi

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Sikhism focused on the teachings of its founder, Sri Chand (1494-1643), son of Guru Nanak Dev, the founder and the first Guru of Sikhism.

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Sahaj-dhari

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person who has chosen the path of Sikhism, believes in all the tenets of Sikhism and the teachings of the Sikh Gurus, but may or may not adorn the five symbols of the Sikh faith.

Front 43

Karah Prasad

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Type of semolina halva made with equal portions of whole wheat flour, butter, and sugar. It is regarded as food blessed by the guru and should not be refused.

Front 44

Baisakhi

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For the Sikh community this festival commemorates the establishment of the Khalsa.

Front 45

Diksha

Back 45

Jain initiation ceremony where the great vows are taken by new monks and nuns

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Mahavira

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Last cycle of Jinas

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Souls in Jainism

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Inanimate objects have a soul and some have more have one

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Jainism source of suffering

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the Soul is trapped in matter

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Matter

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Ajiva. Jains believe that Karma is this

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Jain Path

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On relies on one's self by worshiping the Jinas can elevate on the ladder

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Digambara Jains

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believes in non possession of all worldly goods including clothes. Women are not allowed to enter monastic life.

Front 52

Nature of Universe

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Jain - It goes through progressive and regressive cycles of time

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Jiva

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Jainism - consciousness

Front 54

Jains seek enlightenment

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During the middle portion of cycle of the universe

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Jainism : Acesticism and ahimsa

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Burn off karma and prevent new one

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Buddha's name

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Siddhartha Gautama

Front 57

3 knowledges from the Bodhi tree

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Buddhism - knowledge of karma, other's karma, and the end of rebirth

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Nirvana

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an end to suffering, achievable in this lifetime, with and without support, enlighenment

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Third noble truth

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There is an end to suffering

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Theraveda tradition

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Believes we must work out our own liberation. Believes that buddha is the perfected man.

Front 61

3 categories of eight noble path

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morality, meditation, wisdom

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One takes refuge in:

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Buddha, Dharma, Sangha

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Nepal

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Buddha believes to have been born here

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Pali Canon

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Compilation of Buddha's teachings

Front 65

Four noble truths

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Summary of Buddha's insight

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Tripitaka

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Three baskets where the parts of the Buddha were kept

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Vajrayana

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Buddhist tradition associated with mandalas, rituals, and visualizations

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Madhyamaka school

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Doctrine of emptiness

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Yogacara school

Back 69

Key doctrine: storehouse condition

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Stupa

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Traditional burial mound for kings in South Asia, Siddhartha Gautama, made of rocks and dirt.

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Gurdwara

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Sikh holy place

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Punjab

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area in India where Amritsar is located

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Guru Nanak

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had transformative experience that led to him establishing the Sikh tradition, was given a mission and nectar by God, thought God's path was not Hindu or Muslim

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Langar

Back 74

free kitchen

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Khalsa

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Established as a community of warriors to defend the tradition under Gobind singh

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Soul - Sikhim

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Capable of union with God

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Uposatha

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Relic container

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Shramana

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Wandering philosopher

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Dependent co-arising

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Explanation of origins of suffering

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Vaskha

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Celebration of the Buddha's birth, enlightenment, death

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Baisakhi

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Celebration of the founding of Khalsa

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Sati nam

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God's name

Front 83

Bodhisattva

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One who has taken an enlightenment vow

Front 84

Adi Granth

Back 84

Sikh Holy Book

Front 85

Bliss Body

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Body of Buddha

Front 86

Tathagatagarba

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Buddha nature