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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Articulation or Joint |
It is formed by the union of two or more bones or cartilages by other tissues. Bone is the fundamental part of the joints; in some cases a bone and a cartilage, or two cartilages form a joint. The uniting medium is chiefly fibrous tissue or cartilages or a mixture of these. |
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Classification of joints |
A. Fibrous joint or Synarthrosis |
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Fibrous Joints |
Practically no movement, often termed fixed or immovable joints. No joint cavity. Most of these joints are temporary, the uniting process of ossification. Classification: |
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Suture |
Joints of the skull in which the adjacent bones are closely united by fibrous tissue: |
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Syndesmosis |
In these the uniting medium is white fibrous or elastic tissue or a mixture. e.g. Union of the shaft of the metacarpal or metatarsal bones, bodies of the radius and ulna, bodies of the tibia and fibula. |
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Gomphosis |
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Cartilaginous joint |
The bones of cartilaginous joints are united by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage. They are chiefly classified as: Synchondrosis (Hyaline Cartilage Joints) Symphysis (Fibrocartilaginous Joints) |
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Synchondrosis |
This type of joint is a temporary one. The cartilage is converted into bone before adult life. The hyaline cartilage that joins the bones is a persistent part of the embryonic cartilaginous skeleton. e.g. The epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone are united by a cartilaginous epiphyseal plate |
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Symphysis |
This joint represents an articulation in which two opposing bones are united by fibrocartilage during some phase of their existence.
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Synovial Joints |
This group of joints, also known as diarthrodial joints, are characterized by the presence of a joint cavity with a synovial membrane in the joint capsule and by their mobility. |
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structures of synovial joint |
(1) Articular surface: The articular surface is smooth. |
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Articular capsule |
(i) Fibrous layer (external): Consists of ligaments and attached close to the margin of the articular surfaces. |
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Ligaments |
Ligaments are strong bands of connective tissue which bind the bones together. They are pliable but practically inelastic. They are blended with fibrous capsules externally. |
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Articular disc and Menesci |
These are plates of fibrocartilage or dense fibrous connective tissue placed between the articular cartilages; they divides the joint cavity partially and diminish concussion during movement. |
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Marginal Cartilages |
Ring of fibrocartilages which encircles the rim of an articular cavity. |
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syniovial joint diagram |
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syniovial joint diagram 2 |
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Movement classification of joints |
Gliding joint: One surface of the joint glides over another surfaces. e.g. Joints formed in between articular process of the vertebral column. 3. Circumduction: when a bone is made to circumscribe a conical space. e.g. hip joint. |
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Classification of joints by their axes movement and shape of articulating surface |
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Classification of joints by their axes movement and shape of articulating surface |
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Joints of the skull |
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Joints of the skull |
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Joints of the Vertebral Column
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Joints of the Thorax |
Costovertebral articulation: Formed at the proximal end in between the head of the rib and bodies of the vertebrae. |
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Thorax joints diagram |
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Rib diagram |
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Joints of the forelimb |
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Joints of the forelimb diagram |
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Joints of the hindlimb |
Sacroiliac articulation: A joint formed in between wing of the sacrum and ilium.
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Joints of the pelvis diagram |
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Joints of the hindlimb |
4. Stifle joint or Knee joint: It consists of, |
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Joints of the hindlimb |
5. Tarsal joint/Hock joint: consist of, |
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Joints of the hindlimb diagram |
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