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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the structures of the integumentary system?
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a. 2 layers of skin
b. Hypodenmis |
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What are the 5 functions of the integumentary system?
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1.Protection
2.Body temperature regulation 3.Excretion 4.Sensory 5.Vitamin D production |
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What are the 2 layers of skin called?
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Epidermis and Dermis
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Outermost layer of skin.
Composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue. |
Epidermis
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Deeper layer of skin.
Composed of dense irregular connective tissue. |
Dermis
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The subcutaneous tissue.
Composed of adipose or areolar tissue. Not considered a layer of the skin. |
Hypodenmis
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What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
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1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum lucidium 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum spinosum 5. Stratum germiniativum {basale} |
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Uppermost layer
Composed of flattened keratinized cells All cells in this layer are dead cells Function – provides a natural raincoat for the body preventing water loss from the deeper tissues |
Stratum corneum
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Beneath the stratum corneum
Cells in this layer appear clear due to the accumulation of the protein eledin Eledin is the precursor molecule to keratin All the cells in this layer are dead Function – production of keratinized cells for the stratum corneum |
Stratum lucidium
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Beneath the stratum lucidum
Cells in this layer are beginning to die due to accumulation of eledin and their increasing distance from the dermal blood supply. Some living and some dead cells in this layer Function – production of keratinized cells for stratum corneum |
Stratum granulosum
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Beneath the stratum granulosum
All the cells are living Function – some of the cells are part of an immune response – they mount a defense against micro- organisms that penetrate the skin and against skin cancers |
Stratum spinosum
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Deepest layer of the epidermis
All of the cells in this layer are living Function – produce the cells for the other epidermal layers This layer contains specialized cells called melanocytes that produce the dark pigment melanin which protects against the harmful effects of ultraviolet light |
Stratum germiniativum {basale}
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What are the 2 layers of the dermis called?
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Papillary layer and Reticular layer
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Upper layer of dermis
Contains dermal papillae, which are conelike projections into the epidermis They create the ridges on the surface of the epidermis which are fingerprints Function – has abundant capillaries whose blood furnishes nutrients to the cells of the epidermis and allow heat to radiate to the skin surface Also contains touch and pain receptors |
Papillary layer
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Deepest layer of dermis
Contains many arteries and veins which carry blood to and from the capillaries in the papillary layer Also contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and pressure receptors |
Reticular layer
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Describe skin derivatives:
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During embryonic development they originate from cells of the epidermis.
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Found in all parts of the skin except palms of hands and soles of the feet
Attached to hair follicle and their duct empties secretions into the hair follicle Function: Produce an oily secretion called sebum, which is a lubricant that keeps the skin soft and moist and keep the hair from becoming brittle |
Sebaceous glands
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Widely distributed in the skin
Consist of a coiled tubule with a long duct that opens to the surface at sweat pores Functions: Temperature regulation and Excretion |
Sweat glands
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Name the 2 types of sweat glands based on the composition of their secretion.
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Eccrine gland and Apocrine gland
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Distributed in all parts of the skin
Produce clear perspiration containing water, NaCl, and urea |
Eccrine gland
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Found in skin in axilla and gential areas
Produce a milky protein based secretion that is an ideal nutrient for microorganisms found on the skin |
Apocrine gland
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Found in all parts of skin except palms, soles, and lips
Originate from structure in skin called a hair follicle |
Hair
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portion of the hair within the hair follicle
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Hair root
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portion of hair above above the surface of the skin
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Hair shaft
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small muscle attached to the hair follicle which causes the hair to stand erect
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Arrector pili muscle
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Scale-like modifications of the epidermis that forms a clear protective covering on the distil and dorsal surfaces of fingers and toes
Consist of a root and a body Grows from the root |
Nails
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Serves as tools to help pick up small objects and to scrath an itch
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Nails
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