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191 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
TFTs in pregnancy
|
Elevated TOTAL T3 and T4, otherwise normal
|
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Study of choice in suspected stroke
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Non-contrast CT
|
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Pain after a fatty meal resolving between episodes: dx?
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Biliary colic (GB contraction causing pain from stones)
|
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Severe symptomatic hyponatremia (incl 2/2 SIADH): tx?
|
3% saline
|
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Complication of overrapid correction of hyponatremia
|
* (complication of?)
Central pontine myelinolysis |
|
Primary amenorrhea without breast development: workup
|
FSH
-If low: GnRH stimulation test (central problem) -If normal: Dx ovarian a/dysgenesis -If increased: Karyotype (gonadal problem) |
|
Cyanosis aggravated by feeding and relieved by crying: dx?
|
* (presentation)
Choanal atresia |
|
Lyme dz treatment
-Early-localized, <9 years -Early-localized, >9 years -Disseminated |
-Amoxicillin
-Doxycycline -Ceftriaxone or Penicillin G |
|
Biliary condition a/w IBD
|
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
|
|
Structures affected by PSC
|
* (damaged in what?)
Medium and large ducts of intra- and extra-hepatic biliary tree |
|
Histological finding in PSC
|
*
"Onion-skinning" pattern |
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Cholangiographic finding of PSC
|
*
"Beading" (stricture and dilation of bile ducts) |
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Medical tx of PSC
|
Ursodeoxycholic acid
|
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Gender in which PBC is more common
|
Women
|
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Gender in which PSC is more common
|
Men
|
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Biliary condition with anti-mitochondrial antibodies
|
* (antibody)
PBC |
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Biliary condition with postive p-ANCA
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PSC
|
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MCC of polycythemia in term newborn
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Delayed clamping of umbilical cord
|
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MC presenting signs of polycythemia in newborn (3)
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Respiratory distress
Poor feeding Neuro manifestations |
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Hemodynamically unstable trauma pt with inconclusive FAST: next step?
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DPL
|
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Lichenoid papules over joints: dx?
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Dermatomyositis
|
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Constipation: a metabolic cause
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Hypercalcemia (consider MM etc in appropriate context)
|
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Med for tx of SIADH
|
* (use)
Demeclocycline |
|
Tx of nephrogenic DI (3)
|
Indomethacin (NSAID) and HCTZ
Amiloride if lithium-induced |
|
Diastolic heart failure
-Classic cause -Arrythmia |
-Hypertension
-AFib |
|
Symmetric erythematous vesicles over extensor surfaces of elbows and knees: dx?
|
Dermatitis herpetiformis, a/w celiac dz
|
|
Cluster headaches
-Ppx (3) -Tx (2) |
-Verapamil, lithium, ergotamine
-100% O2, subQ sumatriptan |
|
Tricuspid atresia
-Cyanotic? -EKG -CXR -Tx |
*
-Cyanotic -LAD -Decreased pulm vascular markings, normal sized heart -PGE1 and balloon atrial septostomy |
|
TOF
-CXR -EKG |
*
-Decreased pulm vasc markings with normal sized heart -Right atrial dilation, RVH |
|
Truncus arteriosus
-CXR -EKG |
*
-Cardiomegaly, increased vasc markings, right aortic arch -Biventricular hypertrophy |
|
Ebstein's anomaly
-CXR -EKG |
*
-Extreme cardiomegaly -RAH |
|
Mechanism of nitrates in cardiac chest pain
|
Venodilation --> decreased preload
|
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Amiodarone: use
|
Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
|
|
SEs of amiodarone (5)
|
* (drug causing)
1) Pulmonary fibrosis 2) Hypo- or hyperthyroidism 3) Hepatotoxicity 4) Corneal deposits 5) Blue-gray skin discoloration |
|
Normal values
-Right atrial pressure -Pulmonary artery pressure -PCWP |
-4-6 mmHg
<25/15 mmHg -6-12 mmHg |
|
Bronchiectasis
-CXR findings (3) -Definitive imaging modality |
*
-Prominent bronchioles, peripheral opacities, linear atelectasis -High resolution CT |
|
Ehrlichiosis: tx
|
Doxycycline
|
|
Infection causing elevated LFTs, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia
|
* (3 signs)
Ehrlichiosis |
|
Cause of hypotension with epidural
|
Sympathetic block --> LE vasodilation and venous blood pooling
|
|
Histological findings in liver in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
|
*
PAS+ hepatocyte inclusions that resist digestion by diastase |
|
Trihexyphenidyl
-Class -Indications (2) |
-Anticholinergic
-Parkinson's, extrapyramidal SEs |
|
Selegiline
-Class -Indication |
*
-MAOB inhibitor -Parkinson's |
|
Bromocriptine
-Class -Indication |
-Dopamine agonist
-Parkinson's |
|
Azithromycin: class
|
Macrolide
|
|
Tx for active TB
|
INH + pyrazinamide + rifampin + ethambutol x 2 months
then INH + rifampin x 4 months |
|
SE of rifampin
|
Turns body fluids orange
|
|
SE of ethambutol
|
Optic neuritis
|
|
SEs of INH (2)
|
Peripheral neuritis (prevent with B6)
Hepatitis |
|
Ppx for contacts of pts with meningococcal meningitis
|
Rifampin
|
|
Turner syndrome with 45X/46XY karyotype: concern
|
Gonadoblastoma --> prophylactic bilateral gonadectomy
|
|
Benign essential tremor
-Affected areas -Type of tremor -Tx |
-Head and hands (not usually legs)
-Action tremor -Propranalol |
|
How to monitor respiratory function in Guillain-Barre
|
Serial vital capacity measurements
|
|
PDA: type of murmur
|
Continuous
|
|
Endocardial cushion defects can cause ___
|
Pulmonary hypertension
|
|
P2 heart sound indicates?
|
Pulmonary hypertension
|
|
SE of EPO
|
Worsening of HTN
|
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Simple asx renal cyst: management
|
None
|
|
Rx for HOCM
|
Beta-blockers
|
|
Classic triad of RCC
|
Hematuria
Flank pain Palpable abdominal mass |
|
Scrotal varicocele that fails to empty when pt is recumbent: concern for?
|
RCC
|
|
Tx for hairy cell leukemia
|
* (tx for)
Cladribine |
|
Tx for NHL
|
CHOP
|
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Tx of pt who presents >5 days after onset of appendicitis with localized RLQ findings: management
|
IV hydration, 2nd/3rd gen ceph, bowel rest
|
|
SE of methotrexate (3)
-How to prevent |
* (SEs of?)
Stomatitis (oral ulcers) Hepatotoxicity Anemia -Folic acid |
|
Felty syndrome
|
* (syndrome)
RA with splenomegaly and granulocytopenia |
|
When is it OK to use TMP-SMX during pregnancy?
|
Second trimester
|
|
Tx of asx bacteriuria in pregnancy (3)
|
Amoxicillin
Nitrofurantoin Cephalosporins |
|
Abnl values in von Willebrand dz
|
Increased bleeding time and PTT
(Normal platelet count) |
|
CNS complications of mumps (2)
|
Aseptic meningitis
Encephalitis |
|
Tx of postherpetic neuralgia
|
TCAs (amitriptyline, nortriptyline)
|
|
Tx of enterobiasis (pinworm)
-First line -Second line |
*
-Albendazole or mebendazole -Pyrantel pamoate |
|
Turcot's syndrome
-Definition -Inheritance |
*
-Brain tumors (medulloblastoma or glioma) a/w FAP or HNPCC -AR |
|
Gardner's syndrome
-Definition -Inheritance |
*
-Colonic polyps with various extraintestinal lesions -AD |
|
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
-Definition -Inheritance |
*
-Intestinal hamartomatous polyps with mucocutaneous melanocytic macules -AD |
|
Multiple hamartoma syndrome
-Other name -Inheritance -Presentation (4) |
*
-Cowden syndrome -AD 1) GI hamartomas 2) Breast ca 3) Thyroid ca 4) Nodular gingival hyperplasia |
|
Cronkhite-Canada syndrome
-Presentation -Inheritance |
*
-Juvenile-type polyps and ectodermal abnormalities (alopecia, hyperpigmentation, nail loss) -Sporadic |
|
Development of sinuses
|
Birth: Maxillary & ethmoid
First few years: Sphenoid Age 9-10: Frontal |
|
Echinococcus
-Causes what? -MC sites -Who is at risk |
*
-Hydatid cysts -Liver, then lung -Sheep workers |
|
RBCs in lead poisoning
|
*
Basophilic stippling |
|
Peripheral smear finding in HUS
|
Schistocytes
|
|
Tx of early localized Lyme in pregnant women
|
Amoxicillin
|
|
Empiric tx for bacterial meningitis
|
IV ceftriaxone + vanc
|
|
MAC ppx in HIV with CD4 <50
|
Azithromycin
|
|
PCP ppx in txplant pts
|
TMP-SMX
|
|
PID:
-Chlamydia rx -Gonorrhea rx |
-Azithromycin
-Ceftriaxone |
|
Cutaneous manifestations of blastomycosis
|
Verrucous or ulcerative
|
|
Abscess near head/neck draining sulfur granules: dx?
|
Actinomyces
|
|
MCC SBE in pts with preexisting valvular disease
|
Viridans group Strep
|
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MCC SBE in pts with prosthetic valve
|
Staph epidermidis
|
|
Peripheral neuropathy, renal failure & anemia: dx?
|
* (presentation - 3)
Lead poisoning |
|
Adolescent with epistaxis, nasal mass and bony erosion in back of nose: dx?
|
* (presentation)
Juvenile angiofibroma |
|
Condition a/w anaphylactic rxn to blood transfusion
|
IgA deficiency
|
|
Cytokines in stored blood product may cause ___
|
* (caused by)
TRALI |
|
MCC painless hematuria in adults
|
Bladder tumor
|
|
"Snowstorm" on US: dx?
|
Molar pregnancy
|
|
HTN before 20 weeks in pregnancy: dx?
|
Chronic HTN or hydatidiform mole
|
|
When to retest Rh(D) Abs in pregnancy?
|
24-28 weeks
|
|
Mechanism in Meniere's dz
|
Accumulation of endolymph in inner ear
|
|
Dx/tx of intussusception
|
Air contrast enema
|
|
Vascular damage with supracondylar fracture
|
* (type of injury damaging this)
Brachial artery --> loss of radial pulse |
|
Secondary damage with proximal humerus fracture
|
* (type of injury damaging this)
Axillary nerve |
|
Friedreich ataxia
-Class -Inheritance -Manifestations (4) -MCCs of death (2) |
*
-Spinocerebellar ataxia -AR 1) Ataxia & dysarthria 2) Scoliosis and foot deformities (hammer toes) 3) Concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 4) Diabetes -Cardiomyopathy and respiratory complications |
|
Presentation of cavernous sinus thrombosis (4)
|
*
1) HA 2) Low grade fever 3) Periorbital edema 4) CN palsies |
|
Mechanism of malabsorption in ZE syndrome
|
Inactivation of pancreatic enzymes by stomach acid
|
|
Typical antipsychotic causing hypothermia
|
Fluphenazine
|
|
Fluphenazine
-Class -SE |
-Typical antipsychotic
-Hypothermia |
|
One live vaccine OK in HIV
|
MMR (w/ CD4 >200 and no AIDS-defining illness)
|
|
Tx for mild-moderate hypercalcemia in malignancy
|
Bisphosphonates (incl. zolendronic acid)
|
|
Zolendronic acid: class?
|
Bisphosphonate
|
|
Ethylene glycol poisoning: presentation (3)
|
*
1) Renal failure 2) Hypocalcemia 3) Anion-gap metabolic acidosis |
|
Ethylene glycol poisoning: antidote
|
* (antidote for?)
Fomepizole |
|
Multiple ring-enhancing lesions in head CT of AIDS pt: dx?
|
Toxoplasmosis
|
|
Cerebral toxo:
-Ppx -Tx |
-TMP-SMX
-Sulfadiazine & pyrimethamine |
|
Tx for neurocysticercosis
|
Albendazole
|
|
Abx for inflamed, fluctuant cervical lymph node
|
Dicloxacillin
|
|
Thiazolidinediones (2)
|
Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone |
|
Pioglitazone & rosiglitazone: class?
|
Thiazolidinediones
|
|
Tx of cervicofacial actinomycosis
|
High-dose PCN x6-12 weeks
|
|
Appearance of Actinomyces
|
*
Gram-positive branching bacteria |
|
PMNs filled with bacteria on gram stain: dx?
|
CGD
|
|
Adenosine deaminase deficiency causes?
|
* (defect)
SCID |
|
Type of immune deficiency in DiGeorge syndrome
|
T-cell dysfunction
|
|
Phenytoin toxicity: prsentation (3)
|
*
1) Horizontal nystagmus 2) Cerebellar ataxia 3) Confusion |
|
Lithium toxicity: presentation (4)
|
* (SEs of what?)
1) Tremor 2) Hyperreflexia 3) Ataxia 4) Seizures |
|
Most common valvular manifestation of RF
|
Mitral stenosis
|
|
% within
-1 SD -2 SDs -3 SDs |
-68%
-95% -99.7% |
|
Precocious pubarche with signs of severe androgen excess: dx?
|
Precocious pseudo-puberty, 2/2 sex steroid excess - gonadotropin-independent process (e.g. late-onset CAH)
|
|
Cervical spondylosis
-Presentation (3) -Radiography |
-Chronic neck pain, limited neck rotation, arm numbness
-Osteophytes (bony spurs) |
|
Measles
-Type of virus -Initial sx -Spread of rash |
*
-Paramyxovirus -Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis -Face --> body |
|
Rubella: type of virus
|
Togavirus
|
|
Raloxifene
-Indication -SE |
-Osteoporosis
-DVT |
|
Drugs causing pancreatitis:
-Diuretics -IBD -Immunosuppressive -Sz/BPD -AIDS -Abx |
-Furosemide, thiazides
-Sulphasalazine, 5-ASA -Azathioprine, L-asparaginase -VPA -Didanosine, pentamidine -Metronidazole, tetracycline |
|
Dysphagia for solids and liquids: dx?
|
* (type of dysphagia)
Motility d/o |
|
Dysphagia for solids progressing to liquids: dx?
|
* (type of dysphagia)
Obstructing lesion |
|
Serous otitis media
-Definition -Pneumatic otoscopy findings -Found in |
*
-Middle ear effusion w/o infection -Dull, hypomobile TM -HIV/AIDS |
|
Cauda equina syndrome
-What is affected -Presentation (4) |
*
-Spinal nerve roots 1) Saddle anesthesia 2) Bowel/bladder dysfxn 3) Low back pain 4) LE motor/sensory dysfxn |
|
Simple partial sz: presentation
|
No loss of consciousness
|
|
Partial sz with secondary generalization: presentation
|
Includes tonic-clonic activity
|
|
Trichenellosis: presentation
|
*
GI sx followed by periorbital edema, myositis and eosinophilia |
|
Malignancy arising in chronic wounds or scars
|
SCC
|
|
IV-drug related endocarditis
-MC organism -Tx |
-Staph
-Vanc |
|
Murmurs that increase with inspiration
|
Right-sided
|
|
Skin finding in sarcoid
|
Erythema nodosum
|
|
Polymyalgia rheumatica: association?
|
Giant cell arteritis
|
|
Odynophagia for hot and cold food: dx?
|
Diffuse esophageal spasm
|
|
Tx of NMS (3)
|
*
Dantrolene Bromocriptine Amantadine |
|
Oxalate absorption increased in?
|
Crohn's dz and other causes of fat malabsorption
|
|
Babesiosis
-Region -Common manifestation -Increased risk among? -Tx |
-NE US
-Hemolytic anemia -Splenectomized -Quinine-clindamycin or atovaquone-azithromycin |
|
Q fever
-Organism -Most common victims |
*
-Coxiella burnetii -Meat processors and veterinarians |
|
Cysticercosis: organism
|
* (syndrome)
Taenia solium |
|
Presentation of duodenal atresia
|
*
Bilious vomiting in first 1-2 days of life |
|
Duodenal atresia: XR finding
|
"Double bubble" (air trapped in stomach and duodenum
|
|
Pyloric stenosis: presentation
|
Non-bilious vomiting at 3-6 weeks of age
|
|
Classic presentation of rubella
|
Low-grade fever
Sub-occipital and posterior auricular LAD Rash, face --> body |
|
Dopamine pathway affecting prolactin
|
*
Tuberoinfundibular pathway |
|
Tx of SCFE
|
Internal fixation of hip with pins
|
|
Tx of Legionella (2)
|
Macrolide (eg azithromycin)
Newer fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin) |
|
MCC conductive hearing loss in adults
|
Otosclerosis
|
|
Rinne Test
-Conductive hearing loss -Normal -Sensorineural hearing loss |
* (Rinne test - type of hearing loss)
- Bone > air - Air > bone - AIr > bone |
|
Type of hearing loss caused by abx toxicity
|
Sensorineural
|
|
Type of hearing loss in Meniere's dz
|
Sensorineural
|
|
Presbycusis: type of hearing loss
|
Sensorineural
|
|
Chronic otitis media: type of hearing loss
|
Conductive
|
|
Acoustic neuroma: type of hearing loss
|
Sensorineural
|
|
Henoch-Schonlein purpura: mechanism
|
*
IgA-mediated small vessel vasculitis |
|
Henoch-Schonlein purpura: presentation (4)
|
*
1) Purpuric rash (lower legs, buttocks, arms) 2) Arthralgias 3) Abdominal pain 4) Renal dz |
|
Renal histo finding in Goodpasture's
|
*
Linear IgG deposits on BM |
|
Test for osteogenesis imperfecta
|
* (test for?)
Type I collagen assay |
|
Live childhood vaccines
|
MMR
Varicella |
|
EKG finding in pericardial effusion
|
* (seen in?)
Electrical alternans |
|
NF2: classic features (2)
|
*
Bilateral acoustic neuromas Cataracts |
|
Indinavir: class
|
Protease inhibitor
|
|
Indinavir: SE
|
* (SE of?)
Crystal-induced nephropathy |
|
Didanosine: SE
|
Pancreatitis
|
|
Tenderness in anatomic snuff box: dx?
|
* (presentation)
Scaphoid fracture |
|
Management of scaphoid fracture
-Displaced -Non-displaced |
-ORIF
-Cast immobilization x6-12 weeks |
|
Tx of hyperCa of immobilization
|
Bisphosphonates
|
|
Amnio findings with NTD (2)
|
* (dx with amnio findings)
-Increased AFP -Increased acetylcholinesterase |
|
Quadruple screen in Down syndrome
|
*
Low MSAFP Low estriol High beta-HCG High inhibin A |
|
Analgesic nephropathy: type of damage
|
Papillary necrosis
|
|
Tx for Reiter syndrome (reactive arthritis)
|
NSAIDs
|
|
Tx of
-Acute gout -Chronic hyperuricemia |
-Colchicine
-Allopurinol |
|
Imipramine: class
|
TCA
|
|
Mech of sodium bicarb for TCA overdose
|
Narrows QRS by alleviating cardio-depressant action on Na channels
|
|
Methods for detecting level of HER2 expression
|
FISH or IHC
|
|
Dx test for pyloric stenosis
|
Abdominal US
|
|
Type I Gaucher
-Deficiency -Radiologic finding -Histologic finding |
*
-Acid beta-glucosidase -Erlenmeyer flask deformity of distal femur -Wrinkled paper cells |
|
Niemann-Pick: deficiency
|
*
Sphingomyelinase deficiency |
|
GM1 gangliosidosis: defiency
|
*
Beta-galactosidase deficiency |
|
GM2 gangliosidoses
-Examples (2) -Deficiency |
* (class)
-Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff -Hexosaminidase |
|
Farber disease: deficiency
|
* (dz)
Ceramidase deficiency |