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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
MOA of phenytoin
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Inactivates Na channels (use-dependent). Inhibits glutamate release from excitatory presynaptic neurons
[also used as an antiarrhythmic] |
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MOA of carbamazepine
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Inactivates Na channels
[like class I antiarrhythmics] |
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MOA of lamotrigine
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Blocks voltage-gated Na channels
(like an antiarrhythmic) |
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MOA of gabapentin
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Increases GABA release
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MOA of topiramate
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Blocks Na channels, increases GABA action
(like lamotrigine; like anti-arrhythmics) |
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MOA of phenobarbital
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Increases GABA(A) action by increasing DURATION of Cl- channel opening, thus decreasing neuron firing
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MOA of valproic acid
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Inactivates Na channels, increases GABA concentration
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MOA of ethosuximide
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Blocks thalamic T-type Ca channels
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MOA of benzodiazepines
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Increases GABA(A) action by increasing FREQUENCY of Cl- channel opening, thus decreasing neuron firing. Binds to an allosteric site on the receptor, unlike barbiturates.
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These two seizure meds are not given for partial seizures at all
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Ethosuximide (given for absence seizures), benzodiazepines
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First line prophylaxis for status epilepticus
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Phenytoin
("P" for prophylaxis) |
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First line treatment for acute status epilepticus
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Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam)
[vs phenytoin, which is 1st line prophylaxis] |
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First line treatment for absence seizures
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Ethosuximide
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First line drugs (3) for tonic-clonic seizures
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Phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid
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These are the only two drugs used to treat absence seizures
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Valproic acid, ethosuximide
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These are the only two drugs used to treat status epilepticus
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Phenytoin, benzodiazepines
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First line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
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Carbamazepine
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This anti-epileptic drug is also used for peripheral neuropathy
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Gabapentin
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First line AED for pregnant women, and children
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Phenobarbital
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This AED is also used to treat myoclonic seizures
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Valproic acid
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First line to prevent seizures of eclampsia
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Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)
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This AED is used in seizures of eclampsia, though it is not first line
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Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam)
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This AED causes agranulocytosis
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Carbamazepine
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This AED causes diplopia, ataxia, liver toxcity, teratogenesis, and induction of CYP450 among other things
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Carbamazepine
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This AED causes GI distress, urticaria, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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Ethosuximide
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These AEDs are inducers of CYP450
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Carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin
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This AED causes nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, megaloblastic anemia, teratogenesis, SLE-like syndrome and CYP450 induction
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Phenytoin
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This AED causes GI distress, rare but fatal hepatotoxicity, neural tube defects (spina bifida), tremor and weight gain
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Valproic acid
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This AED causes Stevens-Johnson syndrome as its sole notable side effect
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Lamotrigine
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Gabapentin can cause these CNS effects
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Sedation, ataxia
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This AED can cause kidney stones
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Topiramate
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Describe Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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Prodrome of malaise and fever, followed by rapid onset erythematous/purpuric macules (oral, ocular, genital), which necrose and slough.
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This AED is also a class IB antiarrythmic
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Phenytoin
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This AED causes megaloblastic anemia
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Phenytoin
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These are the barbiturates (4)
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Phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, secobarbital
(vs the benzos) |
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Indications for barbiturates
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Anxiety, seizures, insomnia
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This barbiturate is used for induction of anesthesia
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Thiopental
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This class of drugs is contraindicated in porphyria
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Barbiturates
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These are the benzodiazepines (8)
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Diazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, temazepam, oxazepam, midazolam, chlordiazepoxide, alprazolam (fastest acting)
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Indications for benzodiazepines
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Anxiety, spasticity, status epilepticus (lorazepam, diazepam), detoxification (especially EtOH withdrawal--delirium tremens), night terrors, sleep walking
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These benzodiazepines are first line treatment for status epilepticus
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Lorazepam, diazepam
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MOA of flumazenil
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Benzodiazepine antagonist.
Treatment of benzodiazepine overdose |
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Treatment of barbiturate overdose
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Management of symptoms (assisted respiration, increase blood pressure)
[no antidote per se is given] |
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MOA of flumazenil
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Competitive GABA receptor blocker
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These drugs are safer than these drugs
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Benzodiazepines are safer than barbiturates. Barbiturates increase duration of Cl- channel opening, whereas benzodiazepines increase the frequency of Cl- channel opening
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