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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fundamental frequency
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lowest frequency of a complex sound
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Max. phonational frequency range
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Compete range of frequencies that an individual can produce
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Alveoli
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microscopic thinwalled structures within the lungs filled with air
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bronchial tree
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part of the respiratory sysytem that includes the trachea, bronchi, ad bronchioles
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bronchioles
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smalled subdivisions of the bronchial system
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chest wall system
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part of the respiratory system that includes the rib cage, abdomen, and diaphragm
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Dead air
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small amount of air not involved in oxygen-CO2 exchange
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Expiratory reserve volume
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amount of air that can be exhaled below Tidal Volume
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Functional residual capacity
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amount of air in the lungs and airways at the end of a normal quiet exhalation
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Inspiratory reserve volume
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amount of air that can be inhaled above tidal volume
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intercostal muscles
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made upj of internal and external sets sof muscles running between the ribs on both sides
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parietal pleura
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membrane lining the inner surface of the thoracic cavity
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pleural linkage
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the mechanism by which the lungs and thoracic cavity are linked together to function as a unit
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residual volume
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volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum exhalation that cannot be voluntarily expelled
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resting expiratory level
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state of equilibrium in the respiratory system when P(alv) = P(atmos)
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Tidal Volume
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Volume of air breathed in and out during a cycle of respiration
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Total Lung capacity
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total amount of air that the lungs are capable of holding
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Vital Capacity
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maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a max inhalation
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Amplitude Perturbation
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cycle to cycle variability in VF amilitude (aka "Shimmer")
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Aryepiglottic folds
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Folds of connective tissue and muscle fibers running from the sides of the epiglottis to the apex of the arytenoid carilages
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Arytenoid cartilage
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paired cartilages of the larynx, forming a joint with the cricoid cartilage
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Breathiness
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Vocal quality that sounds aspirated due to air loss and turbulence at the glottis
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cricoid cartilage
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unpaired ring of cartilage forming the inferior portion f the larynx
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cricothyroid muscle
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(CT) intrinsic muscle of the larynx composed of the oblique and erect parts; elongates and tenses the VFs
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Dysphonia
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any kind of vocal dysfunction resulting in a deviant-sounding voice
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Electroglottography
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(EGG) Method of evaluating VF function based on the difference between electircal conductivity of tissue and air, aka laryngography
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epiglottis
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unpaired cartilage of the larynx involved in swallowing
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Falsetto
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a range of very high Fo with a thin, breathy quality; aka loft
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False vocal Folds
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like parallel and superior to true VFs; aka ventricular VFs
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Frequency Perturbation
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cycle to cycle variability in Vocal frequency; aka "Jitter"
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Glottis
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space between the true VFs
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Harmonics to Noise ratio
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meausre in dB of the ratio of harmonic energy to noise energy in voice
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Hoarseness
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vocal quality combining breathy plus rough characteristics
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Hyoid bone
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bone from which the larynx is suspended; also forms the attachment for the tongue
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Hyperadduction
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VFs adducted with excessive medial compression
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Hypoadduction
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VFs adducted with insufficient medial copmression
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Infrahyoid Muscles
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extrinsic muscles of the larynx; depress the larunx
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Interarytenoid muscle
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(IA) intrinsic muscle of the larynx composed of the transverse and oblique fibers; adducts the VFs
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Lx Wave
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Waveform generated by EGG, with time on the horizontal axis and voltage on the vertical axis
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Modal Register
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most commonly used register for normal conversational speech, encompassing the midrage of Fo
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Myoelastic aerodynamic theory of phonation
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Theory that explains VF vibration in terms of muscular, elastic recoil, and aerodymanic forces
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posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
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intrinsic muscle of the larynx; abducts the VFs
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pulse register
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range of very low Fo with a creaky voice quality; aka glottal fry, vocal fry, creaky voice
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shimmer
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cycle to cycle variability in amplitude of VF vibration; aka amplitude perturbation
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spectral noise
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additive noise in the glottal spectrum
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suprahyoid muscles
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extrinsic muscles of the larynx; elevate the larynx
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Thyroarytenoid muscle
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(TA) body of the Vocal FOlds
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Thyroid Cartilage
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largest cartilage of the larynx, unpaired
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transglottal pressure
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pressure difference across the VFs, between tracheal pressure and supraglottal pressure
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Spasmodic dysphonia
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voice disorder characterized by laryngeal spasms
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Aphonia
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complete absense of voice
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dopamine
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neurotransmitter deficient in PD
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Botox Injection
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proceedure in which minute amounts of botulinum toxin are injected into the VFs to alleviate spasms
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Endotrachial intubation
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process in which a breathing tube is inserted into the trachea through the larynx
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laryngectomy
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partial or total removal of the larynx, usually due to cancer
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Fetal Cell transplantation
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surgical treatment for PD, designed to replenish missing dopamine
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