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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How can we get oriented to exceptionality and special ed.?
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· exceptionality involves similarities & differences
· reasons for optimism such as better treatment & education · abilities & disabilities must be recognized · disability = inability to do something; handicap is a limitation imposed on someone · all disabilities are inabilities; not all inabilities are disabilities |
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What is the educational definition of “exceptional learners”?
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exceptional learners require special ed. to reach full potential
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What is the prevalence of exceptional learners?
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12-18%
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What is the definition of special education
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specially designed instruction that meets unique needs of child w/ disability
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How is special ed. provided?
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Varies depending on how much student differs from average students and school &community resources
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different placement options include
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i. gen. ed. placement w/ teacher making accommodations
ii. gen. ed. w/ consultation iii. itinerant services from specialist iv. resource rooms v. special self-contained classes vi. special day school vii. hospital or homebound instruction viii. residential schooling |
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What are teachers’ roles in special ed.?
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· be prepared to work w/ exceptional learners
· relationship between gen. & special ed. is becoming closer · at-risk students are becoming increasingly important issue · inclusion is a controversial and important issue |
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What are the origins of special ed.?
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· became common in institutions and major cities’ public ed. in 19th century
· physicians & psychologists played important role · Council for Exceptional Children and parent & professional organizations formed in 20th century |
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What legislation and litigation have affected special ed.?
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· primary federal law is IDEA
· ADA prohibits discrimination against persons w/ disabilities in employment & communications · NCLB in 21st century played important role · some parents sue to keep children from being identified for special ed. or have them in less atypical educational situations; others sue because they want their children to be identified for special ed. or placed in more specialized environments |
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How is the intent of special ed. law implemented in individualized education for students w/ disabilities?
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· primary concern - every child w/ disability be given a free, appropriate public education
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· Down Syndrome
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condition resulting from an abnormality w/ 21st pair of chromosomes; characterized by intellectual disability and such physical signs as slanted-appearing eyes, hypotonia, a single palmar crease, shortness, and a tendency toward obesity
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· Muscular Dystrophy
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a hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers
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Disability versus Handicap
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disability is an inability to do something; handicap is a disadvantage imposed on someone
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Exceptional Learners
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those who require special education & related services if they are to realize their full human potential
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Autism Spectrum Disorder
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developmental disability characterized by extreme withdrawal, cognitive deficits, language disorders, self-stimulation, and onset before the age of thirty months
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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
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injury to the brain resulting in total or partial disability or psychosocial maladjustment that affects educational performance
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Expectations for All Educators
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1. make maximum effort to accommodate individual students’ needs
2. evaluate academic abilities and disabilities 3. refer for evaluation 4. participate in eligibility conferences 5. participate in writing IEPs 6. communicate w/ parents or guardians 7. participate in due process hearings and negotiations 8. collaborate w/ other professionals to maximize students’ abilities |
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Hudson v. Rowley
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case of Amy Rowley - a child who was deaf; court’s decision was that appropriate education for a deaf child w/ disability does not necessarily mean education that will produce the max. possible achievement
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Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)
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mandated plan to provide services for young children w/ disabilities and their families
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LRE
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Least Restrictive Environment
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ROP
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Retinopathy of Prematurity
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TBI
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Traumatic Brain Injury
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IEP
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Individualized Education Plan
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PKU
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Phenylketonuria
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IDEA
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
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NCLB
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No child left behind
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IFSP
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Individualized Family Service Plan
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ADA
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Americans With Disabilities Act
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Normalization:
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philosophical belief in special ed. that every individual, even the most disabled, should have an educational and living environment as close to normal as possible
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· Deinstitutionalization
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social movement in 60s and 70s whereby large numbers of persons w/ intellectual disabilities and/or mental illness were moved from large mental institutions into smaller community homes or homes of their family
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Job Coach
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person who assists adult workers w/ disabilities, providing vocational assessment, instruction, overall planning, and interaction assistance w/ employers, family, and related government and service agencies
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Self Determination
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ability to make personal choices, regulate one’s own life, and be a self advocate
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Universal Design
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design of new buildings and tools to make them usable by the widest possible population of potential users
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UDL
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Universal Design For Learning
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Universal Design For Learning
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designing lessons that are appropriate for all learners
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