Spd

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Zoning

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Uniform standards of construction originating in NYC in 1916 to protect thehealth, welfare and safety of people. Regulates the use of land, light, air, and openspace while protecting property values and protecting against nuisances (factories inresidential areas), undesirable businesses (porn shops by schools) and dangers(hazardous chemicals in public areas).

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Incentive Zoning

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Encourages private developers to provide amenities for public use inexchange for opportunity to build larger or taller structures on a site.

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Nonconforming Use

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Building is no longer permitted by the zoning ordinance. Typicallyallowed to stay unless it’s unsafe.

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Conditional Use

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A building that is permitted in an area that it is not zoned for, to benefitthe public (e.g.: an elementary school in a residential neighborhood)

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Variance

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Applied for by an owner on a private site to ask to deviate from an ordinance inorder to avoid hardship.

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Spot Zoning

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A change in the zoning ordinance for a particular area

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Ordinance

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A municipal law

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Setbacks

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Required open space measured between property line and face of building.Used to preserve light, air, and spaciousness

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Building Line

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Utilized by communities principally to achieve planned street patterns.They help insure that buildings will not be erected in the bed of projected streets or ofpotential street widening.

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Easements

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Legal right of government or another land owner to use one’s property for aspecific purpose

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Scenic Easement

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Prevents development that upsets something scenic to the public

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Assessment

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Valuation of property for the purpose of taxes

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Business Improvement Districts

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Used to fund public space improvements (newstreetscapes/graffiti removal) with the intention that it will enhance an area’s appeal. Allbusiness owners in district who would benefit pay increased taxes.

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Eminent Domain

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Power of the state to take private property without owner’s consent,but with fair market value of the land compensation. Must be used government or publicdevelopment (highways, railroads, civic center), economic development, or to mandatean easement for access (public utilities, right of way).

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Deed Restrictions

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Place limitations on the use of the property, typically by originaldevelopers, who determined what land would be used for (live, work, or play) and can’tbe changed by future owners.

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Restrictive Covenant

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Limitations and stipulations used in residential settings. Can beaesthetic (allowable color pallets, vegetation types/pruning, fencing materials) pet control(how many and/or living conditions), or storage related (visibility of parked cars/boats/campers).

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Affirmative Covenant

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Commits a buyer to performing duties in the future (e.g. will makepayments for common charges in a condo)

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Conditional Covenant

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If restriction is violated or disregarded, the land will revet back tooriginal owners/heirs.

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Right-of-Way

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Right for people to cross land of another (pathways/cattle drives)

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One acre

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43,560 sf

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Cardo and Decumanus

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The two major streets in a Roman town, perpendicular

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Loop Road

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A collector/distributor road into a shopping center

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Point

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A position, no dimension

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Line

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Has direction and length but no thickness

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Plane

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Has position, direction and length, but no thickness

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Volume

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a 3D plane

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Shape

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Outline of a form

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Size

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Physical dimension

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Color

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Quality of a reflected light that articulates form and space

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Light

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Radiant energy that is perceived by the human eye

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Texture

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Applied to a surface

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Proportion

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Relationship between parts that provides harmonious order

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Golden Section

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Renaissance concept where a whole is divided so that the smaller parthas the same relationship to the larger part, as the larger part has to the whole.

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Static form

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Parts are equal in size and located around a reference axis

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Dynamic form

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Parts are unequal in size and arrange around a reference axis

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Local Road

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Low capacity roads with direct access to a site

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Collector Road

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Connection roads between local and arterial streets

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Arterial Road

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Wide high capacity streets usually connecting to expressways

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Expressways

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Limited access roads with high speed, high volume circulation