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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Soil
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mixture of physically and chemically weathered mineral matter, supports plant life
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Sediment
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Weathered minerals have been eroded and transported and re-deposited
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Dif between soil and sediment
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Soil can support plant life.
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Smallest sediment size to largest
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Clay, silt, sand, gravel
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Well sorted sediment
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has one or two size groups which predominate, with little or none in other sizes
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moderately sorted
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sediment has one or two size groups which predominate, but other sizes also have significant numbers of grains
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poorly sorted
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sediment has roughly equal amounts of several grain sizes; no one size group predominates
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Size percentage of a sediment
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Take total grains divided by grains larger than 8 mm and multiply by 100
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Histogram
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Bar graph of percent
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How and why do sediment grains become rounded?
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Transportation through a stream and through air
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Grain size and distance of transport
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further it goes, more erosion occurs, more rounded it gets
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Stokes law
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rate of settling of a particle through water is proportional to the grain diameter. larger grains settle faster
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O horizon
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Decomposed plant debris called duff
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A horizon
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decomposed organic matter called humus
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O and A horizon
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inhabited by bacteria and algae, microorganisms become responsible for breaking down organic matter into CO2 and H2O. Dark colored
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E horizon
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Lighter colored due to some minerals becoming dissolved and leaching
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B horizon
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Minerals that were previously dissolved become deposited. The color becomes the color of the dominate mineral
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C Horizon
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Little change, turns into weather parent material
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R horizon
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Turns into unweathered parent material
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Parent material
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geologic material in which the soil forms. Can be either unconsolidated sediment or bedrock
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What is the parent material for oshkosh loam soil?
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clay
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3 major elements for plant growth
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nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
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what does Ph of a soil measure
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degree of acidity or alkalinity of a water solution
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acidic
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Ph=4-6.9
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Neutral
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Ph=7
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basic (alkaline
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Ph=7.1-10
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