Socsci 1 - Exam

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relating well or interacting with others.

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social

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study of social relationships or interactions

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social psychology

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is the study of group and intergroup phenomena.

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Social psychology

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states that social psychology is the branch of psychology that studies individuals as they interact with others.

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Lahey (2007)

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states that social psychology is a broad field whose goal is to understand and explain how thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and behaviors

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•Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian (2014)

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states that the social psychology is the study of the effect of social factors on individual behaviour, attitudes, perceptions, and motives.

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Gerrig and Zimbardo (2002)

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key words of social psychology are ;

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interactions and relationships.

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refers to a particular way in which two or more individuals, groups, or even countries talk to, behave toward, or deal with each other.

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Relationship

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T/F

Interaction is always a component of a relationship

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TRUE

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refers to forming impressions and making judgments about another person’s likability after seeing or meeting him/her.

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person perception

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, which are formed within a very short time with little conscious thought and biased by past experiences, are part of person perception.

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First impressions

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are patterns or traits characterized as typical or usual for a group.

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Norms

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norms are “ ” and “ .”

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average

normal

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refer to spoken and unspoken rules for behaving in particular situations (covering one’s mouth when sneezing or coughing.)

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Social norms

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- In social situations where people work and do things together for a purpose, two things may happen First, the performance of each individual member of the group is improved. This is also referred to as

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social facilitation

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Second, working or being with a group may also reduce individual effort, a phenomenon known as

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social loafing

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The more people there are in a group, the more likely a member tends to conform.

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Size of the group

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Conformity is highest when an individual faces a group in which all members feel the same way about a topic, a problem, or an issue.

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Unanimous groups

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Conformity occurs in all

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cultures

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females were more likely to conform than males, but research has shown that it is no longer the case.

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Gender

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identifies three types of conformity

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Herbert Kelman

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refers to the outward conformity to social pressure but privately disagreeing with it.

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Compliance

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refers to the individual adopting a certain behavior because it enables him or her to have a satisfying relationship with the members of his or her group.

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Identification

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• involves both public compliance and internal acceptance of the norms and standards imposed by the group.

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Internalization or acceptance

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is a behavior that violates significant social norms and is disapproved by large a number of people.

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Deviance

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is a mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from those who consider themselves “normal.”

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stigma

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T/F

No act is inherently deviant

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True

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refers to the use of new or illicit techniques to achieve desired ends.

•students may cheat on exams or use bribery to obtain high grades or place in the government board exams

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Innovation

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Forms of Deviance (by)

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Merton

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results when one who cannot achieve valued goals given up trying but continues to conform

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Ritualism

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A student who has no chance of passing the subject may not accept the reality and continue attending the class, come to class earlier than his classmates, buy presents for his teacher hoping that the teacher will pity him and give him a passing grade.

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RITUALISM

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is a total escape from a situation where one cannot achieve desired goals and given up all sanctioned means to reach them. drug addicts, alcoholics, and prostitutes as falling under this category.

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Retreatism

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• A prostitute has given up all legal means to earn money. She retreated into the world of prostitution as a way to earn money. An alcoholic is also a retreatist, since he has given up all means to solve his problems if he is not drunk.

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RETREATISM

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results from the frustration generated by very limited opportunities to reach desired goals

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rebellion

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• government officials they considered corrupt and those whom they tagged as having committed crimes against the people

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rebellion