Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sex |
-Ascribed status -Biological apparatuses |
|
Gender |
-Achieved status -sociological, cultural traits linked to males and females -"Masculinity" "femininity" |
|
Gender Indentity |
-Fluid, Relational, Evolving -Sense of self as a gendered person -Man, Woman, Trans, Agendered |
|
Sexual Orientation |
-Homosexual, Heterosexual, Asexual, Bisexual
-How people classify themselves sexually -Sexual & Emotional interest in others |
|
Gender system |
-The system of meaning & differentiation linked to the sexes through social arrangements -Gender is SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED |
|
Opportunity Structures |
Patterns of easier access to some positions/experiences/resources |
|
Gender Perspective |
-C Wright Mills -we respond to the world we encounter, shaping & modifying our identities though encounters & within social institutions |
|
Patriarchy |
-Society is hierarchically organized with males dominating most of the positions of power/wealth. -male dominated/identified/centered |
|
Sociological Dimension |
-Cultural backdrop -Instruction manual -symbols, norms, beliefs, media |
|
Gender Polarization |
-Pervasive organization of social life based around gender differences -Exaggeration of differences |
|
Gender Lense 1) Essentialist Lense 2)Patriarchy Lens |
-Sandea Bem (1993) 1) Men & women are innately different 2) A degree of inequality is inevitable |
|
Essentialism |
Males & Females are inherently, biologically different |
|
Alpha Bias |
Belief that science is objective, value free, appolitical |
|
Faulty science -Causality vs Correlation (3 criteria of true causality) |
1) Consistent pattern 2) Consistent time order 3) No alternative factors can satisfactorily explain relationship |
|
Why is Gender Polarization so Pervasive? |
-Scientific explanations "ring true" -Fit w/ own observations -Conceptual tidiness -Reassurance that inequalities "are not our fault" |
|
What is Harmful about the Essentialist Lens? |
-Differences imbues w/ differential value -Innate Differences = inevitability of inequalities = change is not possible (ex. conservative lens) |
|
Scripts |
-Normative expectations -Cultural standards of masculinity/femininity -guide behavior, assessments |
|
Sex Roles Theory |
-Talcott Parson's -Society links overarching attitudes & activities to each sex (Dominant Scripts) |
|
Hegemonic Masculinity |
-Dominant male script -"act like a man" 1)Competition, success, achievement 2)self reliance, assertiveness, strength, toughness 3)Anti-feminie |
|
Emphasized Femeninity |
-Dominant Feminine script -"act like a lady" 1)Nurturance 2)Appearance |
|
Social Role Theory |
A set of patterned MUTUALLY INTER-DEPENDENT, social relations between a social person and a social circle involving NEGOTIATED duties and obligations, rights & privileges. |
|
Status Expectation Theory |
-Status ranking of groups; some groups are superior (we are aware) -More value attached to the status "male" Same behavior + Different Status = Different perception |
|
Nurturance Norms |
-Oriented to accommodating the interests, desires of men -Display or sociability -Acceptance of marriage & child care "The Motherhood Mandate" |
|
Feminine Mystique (Myth) |
-Betty Friedan -The deception brought by the image of Nurturance Norms -Internalized patriarchy/Oppression -Punishments |
|
Appearance Norms |
# activities to make the body appear feminine 1)Size 2)Comportment 3)Ornamentation |
|
Beauty Bias |
-Sandra Bartky Internalized Oppression; Women discipline their bodies to achieve the emphasized idea (ideal body) |
|
The Beauty Myth |
-Noomi Wolf -The demands of appearance norm, limit woman's potential -Pressure to conform; mental health issues |
|
Plurality of Masculinities & Femininities |
-Mathews & Beaman -We are more accepting of new Stereotypes/norms -Ex. Tenderness Masculinity |
|
Sapir Worf Hypothesis |
Language shaped understanding |
|
Linguistic Determinism |
-Understanding influenced by language -Patterns of Linguistic Sexism -language devalues defines ones sex's "place" in society unequally or ignored altogether |
|
Linguistic Sexism |
1) Difference in the way men and women are treated 2)Differing treatment is less favorable toward one sex 3)Basis for difference is gender related |
|
Naming Conventions |
(Type of Linguistic Sexism) How we address men and women; titles of respect ex. Mr. Mrs. Ms. |
|
Pronoun Sexism |
(Type of Linguistic Sexism) -When gender of pronoun antecedent unknown -Automatic choice involving stereotyped assumptions (ex. language about jobs; nurse vs doctor) |
|
Spotlighting |
(Type of Linguistic Sexism) -When discussing a person whose gender does not match traditional notions -highlights gender when gender is irrelevant -Irrelevant reference to physical appearance or Domestic relationship |
|
Generic term |
All purpose, gender free word |
|
False Generic Form |
Claims to include all people but doesn't Ex. Man kind |
|
False Generic Pronoun/Masculine Generic |
-HE -Most male/false generic form have been eliminated |
|
Reflection Hypothesis |
Media reflects the values of mainstream culture; behaviors, relationships, values, norms that are most prevalent in society |
|
Cultivation Theory |
-Media shapes/creates culture by structuring info & defining "normal" -Over time media cultivates perceptions of reality -incomplete/inaccurate representations (skewed world view) -Cumulative & Overarching impact |