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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by some people and groups
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politics
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the formal organization that has the legal and political authority to regulate the relationships among members of a society and between the society and those outside its borders
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government
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Some social analysts refer to the government as the _____, the political entity that possesses a legitimate monopoly over the use of force within its territory to achieve its goals
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state
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a social relationship that involves both leaders & followers, through the use of persuasion, authority, or force
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power
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Power is a dimension in the structure of _____.
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social stratification
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What is used to amplify the message of powerful people, marginalize the concerns of others?
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media
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power that people accept as legitimate rather than coercive
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authority
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power that is legitimized on the basis of long standing custom, authority that is grounded in religious beliefs and customs
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traditional authority
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power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal qualities, have the ability to communicate in a way that they can lead people in new directions
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charismatic authority
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power legitimized by law or written rules and regulations, sometimes referred to as bureaucratic authority
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rational-legal authority
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In what type of authority is power legitimized by procedures, so the leaders obtain their positions in a procedurally correct manner, have to obtain position before they have the right to act
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rational-legal authority
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a political system in which power resides in one person or family and is passed from generation to generation through lines of inheritance
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monarchy
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Monarchy is the most common in _____ societies
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agrarian
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Monarchy is associated with _____ authority patterns.
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traditional
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What type of monarchs claim a hereditary right to rule, based on membership in a noble family or a divine right to rule, a God given right to rule that legitimizes their exercise of power
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Absolute Monarchs
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What type of monarchy is when rulers depend on powerful members of the nobility to retain their thrones. They are not considered above the law, so if other nobility turn on you, your monarchy is in jeopardy.
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Limited Monarchy
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What type of monarchy is it when royalty serve as symbolic rulers for heads of state, while the actual authority is held by elected officials in national parliaments?
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Constitutional Monarchy
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Present-day monarchies
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United Kingdom, Sweden, Spain, Netherlands
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In present day monarchies, members of the royal family primarily form _____ functions.
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ceremonial
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_____ brings in a lot of money for monarchies.
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Tourism
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a political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government
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authoritarianism
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a political system in which the state seeks to regulate ALL aspects of people's public and private lives.
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totalitarianism
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when military leaders seek to control all aspects of life, not just government operations
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totalitarianism
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a political system in which the people hold the ruling power either directly or through elected representatives
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democracy
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literal meaning of democracy
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rule by the people
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a type of democracy where all citizens are actively involved in all important decisions
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direct participatory democracy
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a type of democracy where people have a voice through government representation and those representatives are supposed to serve as bridges between themselves and the government
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representative democracy
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In what type of democracy was it the job of the elected reps to convey the concerns ad interests of those they represent and the government is responsible to the wishes of the people
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representative democracy
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Who said that power is concentrated in a small group of elites, masses are relatively powerless.
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C Wright Mills and the Power Elite
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The U.S. power elite, according to Mills, is made up at the top of the _____, the executive branch of the fed _____, and the _____.
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business, government, military
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The most powerful of the power elite? least?
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officers of the business organizations , unorganized masses of people
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The individuals who make up the power elite are all going to come from similar class _____ and have the same _____.
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backgrounds, interests
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a three way arrangement in which a private interest group (usually a corporation), a congressional committee or subcommittee, and a bureaucratic agency make a final decision on a political issue that is to be decided by that agency
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iron triangle of power
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the mutual interdependence of the military establishment and private military contractors
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military-industrial complex
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a societal focus on military ideals and an aggressive preparedness for war
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militarism
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the use of a calculated, unlawful physical force or threats of violence against a government, organization or individual to gain some political, religious, economic, social objective
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terrorism
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a type of terrorism that uses intimidation and threats of harm, whose purpose is to bring about a significant change or overthrow a certain government
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political terrorism
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What type of terrorism uses acts of violence against civilians that are carried out by enemies of the government who want to bring about political change, most often it i not to overthrow the government
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revolutionary terrorism
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example of revolutionary terrorism:
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9/11, okc
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What type of terrorism occurs when a government provides a financial resources, weapons, and training for terrorists who conduct their activities in other countries?
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state-sponsored terrorism
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What type of terrorism is conducted by a government against its own citizens for the purpose of protecting an existing political order
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repressive terrorism
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examples of repressive terrorism:
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tiananmen square, cambodia
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the organized, armed conflict between nations or distinct political factions
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war
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Social scientists involve war to mean _____ and _____ wars
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declared, undeclared
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the study of population; a subfield of sociology that examines population, size, composition, and distribution over a given area
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demography
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a group of people who live in a specified geographical area
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population
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the actual level of childbearing for an individual or a population
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fertility
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the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year
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crude birth rate
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Crude birth rate is higher in _____ societies.
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agricultural
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number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year
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crude death rate
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an estimate of the average lifetime in years of people born in a specific year
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life expectancy
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the movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purpose of changing residency
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migration
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the movement of people into a geographic into a geographic area to take up residency
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immigration
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the movement of people out of a geographic area to take up residency elsewhere
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emigration
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the number of males for ever 100 females in a given population
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sex ratio
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the population if left unchecked would exceed the available food supply, population would increase exponentially.
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malthusian perspective
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What perspective says poverty is the result of exploitation
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The Marxist Perspective
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What perspective reemphasizes the dangers of over-population?
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The Neo-Malthusian Perspective
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the point at which no population growth occurs from year to year - the number of births and immigrants is equal to the number of deaths
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zero population growth
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the process by which some societies have moved from high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development
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demographic transition theory
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