Sociology Exam

Front 1

Which of the following represents the best example of a belief?

Back 1

the idea that "children should live with their parents until they get married"

Front 2

A web of social relationships linking people to one another is known as?

Back 2

social network

Front 3

Viewing society as being composed of groups that engage in fierce competition for scarce resources in the underlying premise in _______

Back 3

conflict theory

Front 4

Globalization, racial classification, technology, symbolic meanings and institutions are examples of ______

Back 4

social forces

Front 5

Mental hospitals, concentration camps, and boarding schools are ______

Back 5

total institutions

Front 6

Tanya is a college graduate, violin teacher, and a member of Who's Who Among Students in American Colleges and Universities. This would be an example of ______

Back 6

her achieved statuses

Front 7

Sociological research is guided by:

Back 7

?????????

Front 8

social structure

Back 8

_____ is a largely invisible structure that coordinated human activities in broadly particular ways.

Front 9

As children, boys usually receive trucks, sporting equipment, and action toys. Girls receive stuffed animals and gifts that are more passive. This is an example of _____.

Back 9

gender socialization

Front 10

A/An ____ is a relatively stable and predictable arrangement among people that has emerged over time with the purpose of coordinating human interaction and behaviors in ways that meet some social need.

Back 10

institution

Front 11

Which one of the following does NOT represent social interaction?

Back 11

two friends passing who do not notice one another

Front 12

On the first day of class, Professor Williams always wears a tie to convey that he is serious about his job. On the other hand, he gives out his home number as a way of letting students know that he is approachable. Professor Williams is engaged in:

Back 12

impression management

Front 13

Which of the following is NOT true about language?

Back 13

languages are just different sets of labels for the same reality

Front 14

Lisa is a Chinese American, a student, a member of the church choir, and the center on the university basketball team. Sociologists would consider this her _________.

Back 14

status set

Front 15

The sociological theory most concerned with how people give meaning to their everyday experience is:

Back 15

structural functionalism

Front 16

Palestinian children who pretend to be Israeli soldiers arresting and beating stone throwers are in the ______ stage.

Back 16

preparatory stage

Front 17

In the video "Children of the Taliban", the young Pakistani girls described how the Taliban closed their school, forced them to wear the burkah head scarf and proclaimed that women could no longer travel alone. For sociologists this is an example of:

Back 17

resocialization

Front 18

Max Weber maintained that the sociologist's task is to focus on:

Back 18

the course of consequences of social action

Front 19

When visiting Spain while studying abroad in Europe, Letitia was surprised to find out that many of her Spanish peers left work and school in the middle of the day to take a siesta, or short rest at home. However, Letitia realized how important siesta was to her Spanish peers because it gave them time to relax and be with their families, two very central values in Spanish culture. Letitia took a(n) ______ perspective when trying to understand siesta.

Back 19

culturally relative

Front 20

Which of the following is an ascribed status?

Back 20

son

Front 21

When children are in the game stage, they ___________.

Back 21

practice fitting their behavior into an established behavior systems

Front 22

Socialization is essential for the continuation of society.

Back 22

True

Front 23

Institutions rarely change.

Back 23

False

Front 24

Society not only controls our movements but also shapes our identity.

Back 24

true

Front 25

In the video, A Living Wage, student activists at Vanderbilt interacted with service employees at the university, learned about their challenges, and eventually developed bonds of solidarity.

Back 25

True

Front 26

Features of social organization, such as networks and social trust, that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit are known as social capital.

Back 26

true

Front 27

A general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work is defined as a theory.

Back 27

true

Front 28

The way that people think and behave in any society is prescribed to a large extent by that society's culture.

Back 28

True

Front 29

A functionalist would argue that sports teams have no real purpose in society.

Back 29

False

Front 30

The fact that McDonalds restaurants arrived in London, Rio de Beijing, and many other foreign cities years after they appeared is an example of cultural relativism.

Back 30

False

Front 31

Socialization takes place throughout the life course.

Back 31

True

Front 32

Sociologists study how personality traits impact an individual's behavior.

Back 32

True

Front 33

Your gender and ethnicity are examples of achieved statuses.

Back 33

False

Front 34

Sociology first emerged as a discipline attempting to understand social change.

Back 34

true

Front 35

A person must live in a foreign country to experience culture shock.

Back 35

False

Front 36

In the statement, "poverty causes crime" the term "poverty" would qualify as the dependent variable.

Back 36

True

Front 37

No research methodology is inherently better than the others.

Back 37

true

Front 38

Social facts are usually created by those experiencing them.

Back 38

False

Front 39

University Professor is a social role.

Back 39

true

Front 40

What is cultural diffusion? Give an example.

Back 40

Cultural diffusion is when a culture takes an idea or an invention from a different culture.
Ex. Italian restaurant originating in Italy and now found in America

Front 41

According to Erving Goffman, social interaction is viewed as if it were a theater. Identify the 2 types of behavior noted in his "dramaturgical" model. Use examples.

Back 41

Front stage: area visible to the audience where people feel compelled to present themselves in expected ways
ex. teacher in front of classroom

back stage: area out of the audience's sight. individuals let their guard down and do unexpected things.
ex. employees in the kitchen (dropping food on the floor)

Front 42

What is the "division of labor"? Give an example.

Back 42

Division of labor is the separation of tasks for a job.

Ex. If we were building something, each individual receives a different role. One of the roles may be to purchase the material.

Front 43

Difference between strong and weak social ties. Give examples.

Back 43

Strong ties are close links between people. Ex. family

Weak ties are more of a mutual acquaintance with someone.
Ex. A friend that you communicate but you are not necessarily close with. Weak ties are helpful with connections to finding jobs.

Front 44

According to Charles Horton Cooley's "looking glass self" theory how does a sense of self develop?

Back 44

A sense of self develops when viewing oneself from another's point of view. You learn to better understand how you socially interact giving you a different perspective of yourself. This betters you as a person.

Front 45

Difference between manifest and latent social functions? Give examples.

Back 45

Manifest functions are intended order and stability.
Ex. cell phone, because it is used to help people communicate

Latent Functions are unintended orders and stability.
Ex. cell phones are becoming the biggest way to communicate (mass media). This was unintended.

Front 46

Role strain vs. role conflict

Back 46

Role strain is the conflicting role expectations associated with a single status.
Ex. father must be loving but also disciplinary with his daughter.

Role strain is a conflict with two or more statuses.
Ex. Being a coach and teacher and their schedule conflicts

Front 47

What does the term collective memory mean? Give an example of collective memory that is significant to your generation.

Back 47

experiences shared and recalled by significant numbers of people

ex. 9-11, creation of social networking

Front 48

Three research methods sociologists use to collect data.

Back 48

- Interviews
- Experiments
- Observations

Front 49

Difference between reliability and validity.

Back 49

Reliability is the extent to which the results are consistent.
Ex. Do people read the newspaper everyday? -people will not give you the same consistent results

Validity is when the definition/results measure up to what it claims to measure.
Ex. Is the newspaper a valid measure of knowledge of the news?

Front 50

Name three agents of socialization.

Back 50

- family
- schooling
- mass media

Front 51

Sociologists use the term _______ to refer to deviance that breaks the laws of society and is punished by formal sanctions.

Back 51

crime

Front 52

6-year old Latisha picks up her toys and puts them away. Her father smiles and pats her on the bank. The smile and pat represent a _____ sanction.

Back 52

positive informal sanction

Front 53

The World Economic Forum reports the extent to which opportunities and resources are equally distributed between men and women. This organization is focusing on:

Back 53

gender stratification

Front 54

In their discussion of male-female relationships, Abby and Jose come to the conclusion that men are prisoners of their hormones and simply not capable of forming meaningful relationships. Their argument is grounded in:

Back 54

sexist ideology

Front 55

The majority of students graduating with a degree in nursing are women. Research has shown that sex-typing of majors is primarily due to:

Back 55

gender socialization

Front 56

Intersectionality is a concept that considers interconnections:

Back 56

among race class, gender, and other ascribed statuses

Front 57

Typical masculine and feminine traits are:

Back 57

learned through the socialization process

Front 58

Which of the following is NOT an ascribed characteristic?

Back 58

occupation

Front 59

_______ is/are reactions or responses of approval and disapproval to another's behavior or appearances.

Back 59

sanctions

Front 60

The disparity in opportunities available for men and women is known as:

Back 60

gender gap

Front 61

Dallas residents who depend upon Mexican laborers for landscaping services but pass laws to prevent them from living in the same community are practicing:

Back 61

segregation

Front 62

Cliff is a clerk in a hardware store. When an African-American comes into the store, Cliff provides closer monitoring because he believes that African-Americans will steal his merchandise. This is an unequal treatment that Cliff applies to African Americans who are actually customers is an example of:

Back 62

prejudice

Front 63

A person who changes their class position through marriage, graduation, inheritance or job promotions is experiencing:

Back 63

vertical mobility

Front 64

In a class system of stratification:

Back 64

people rise and fall on the strength of their abilities

Front 65

"When persons become criminals, they do so because of contacts with criminal patterns and also because of isolation from anti-crimintal patterns." The statement represents an essential assumption underlying ______ theories.

Back 65

differential association

Front 66

according to the functionalist perspective, the unequal distribution of rewards is necessary in order to:

Back 66

ensure that the most functionally important occupations are filled by the best qualified people

Front 67

Megan is a successful coach of a woman's Division I basketball team. She is one of a three female coaches at her university as even the coaches of the women's teams are usually male. The job of assistant athletic director opens but no one encourages Megan to apply for this position. Megan is experiencing a phenomenon known as:

Back 67

glass ceiling

Front 68

people who embrace ____ believe that something in the biological makeup of an ethnic or racial group explains or justifies its subordinate or superior status.

Back 68

segregation

Front 69

Retreatism is a new response to structural strain that involves:

Back 69

rejecting cultural goals and the legitimate means to achieve them

Front 70

Black Americans, whether they are native-born or immigrants, are pressured to self-identity as black, not as an ethnic group. This situation reflects the lack of

Back 70

choice

Front 71

most sociologists believe that gender differences in behavior between men and women, are for the most part ________.

Back 71

learned

Front 72

Social Control

Back 72

methods used to teach, persuade, or force people to comply with norms and expectations

Front 73

In an interview, Tiger woods talks about being called different races in different places. This speaks to the importance of:

Back 73

context

Front 74

_____ include(s) everything from the chance to stay alive during the first year of life to the chance to go to college.

Back 74

life chances

Front 75

_____ is the established and customary way of doing things in society that keeps minority members in a disadvantaged position

Back 75

institutionalized discrimination

Front 76

deviance

Back 76

any behavior or physical appearance that is socially challenged or condemned

Front 77

modernization theorists hold that poor countries are poor because they have yet to develop into modern economies and that their failure to do so is largely the result of:

Back 77

internal factors: country's resistance to free market principles

Front 78

when prejudiced people encounter a minority person who contradicts stereotypes, usually:

Back 78

they see that person as an "exception to the rule"

Front 79

At least 75 percent of bachelor's degrees in education, health professions and public administration are rewarded to females. This imbalance reflects

Back 79

gender polarization

Front 80

Grace appears asian, specifically she is from India. Her mother is irish but she sees this ethnic connection as irrelevant. Grace is engaged in:

Back 80

selective forgetting

Front 81

The fact that women in the U.S. conform to norms specifying that women have hairless bodies suggests that:

Back 81

many seemingly biological differences between men and women are socially constructed

Front 82

USX corporation illegally discharged waste water from its Gary Indiana plant into the Great Calumet River. This is an example of:

Back 82

white-collar crime

Front 83

Because of social stratification:

Back 83

some people have more privileges and opportunities than others do

Front 84

Brian is a boy who is ridiculed for wearing a skirt to school one day. Which of the following did Brian violate?

Back 84

gender roles

Front 85

Hispanics/latinos can be of any race

Back 85

false

Front 86

The glass escalator phenomena helps women achieve equal salaries as men.

Back 86

false

Front 87

Gender is determined by biology

Back 87

false

Front 88

The stigma of deviance can encourage further deviance in an individual

Back 88

true

Front 89

because of changing norms in american society, women now earn the same amount of money as men who have the same level of education

Back 89

??????

Front 90

according to most sociologists, race is a social construct that can change with conditions in a country

Back 90

false

Front 91

what is considered normal or deviant is mostly the same all around the world

Back 91

false

Front 92

ritualism is the rejection of cultural goals but a rigid adherence to the legitimate means of attaining those goals

Back 92

true

Front 93

formal and informal means of enforcing norms are referred to as social control

Back 93

true

Front 94

Regardless of the system of social stratification, social mobility is a matter of individual ambition and talent

Back 94

true

Front 95

Biological factors, including genetics explain most criminal behavior.

Back 95

false

Front 96

What is the difference between melting pot assimilation and absorption assimilation?

Back 96

Melting Pot Assimilation is when cultures blend together, accepting the behaviors and values of one another's culture.

Absorption Assimilation is when a minority group learns/accepts the cultural behaviors and values of a dominant culture.

Front 97

Feminism

Back 97

Feminism advocates the equality of men and women. Pushes for people to acknowledge that men and women should live an equal life and receive the same opportunities.

Front 98

Explain Dependency Theory. Give an example.

Back 98

The Dependency Theory is when poor countries depend on exporting their primary product to a wealthy country like the U.S. or Europe

ex. Chile exports coffee

Front 99

Deviant subculture

Back 99

Deviant subculture is a group part of a large society but whose members share norms and values favoring violation of that larger society's laws.

ex. teenagers getting involved in drugs

Front 100

According to Durkheim, why is crime a normal and necessary social phenomenon?

Back 100

Crime is a deviant act. Deviance shapes our society and deviant acts offend collective norms and expectations. He argued that the ritual of identifying wrongdoing and determining punishment brings members of a group together and establishes community.

Front 101

Class and Caste Systems

Back 101

Class Systems are statuses that are determined through achieved characteristics, they are acquired with effort.

Caste Systems are statuses that are determine by one's ascribed status. They are related to/based on life chances.

Front 102

Gender schematic

Back 102

can be identified as day to day life practices in which gender determines how male/female goes about their daily activities.

ex. girl will choose to do her hair in the morning, boy will not

Front 103

Kozol-"Savage Inequalities"

Back 103

talks about unfair schooling/education of african american children

discusses how education is not fair and he believes these children re not receiving the education that they deserve like whites are