Sociology Chapter 17

Front 1

a system of beliefs, symbols, and rituals, based on some sacred or supernatural realm, that guides human behavior, gives meaning to life, and unites believers into a community

Back 1

religion

Front 2

who said.... religion is a sacred canopy, a sheltering fabric hanging over people providing security and answers to questions of life

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peter berger, and sacred canopy

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unquestioning belief that does not require proof or scientific evidence

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faitth

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this refers to those aspects of life that are extraordinary or supernatural; those things that are set apart as "holy" and who thought this

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sacred; Emile Durkheim

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things that people do not set apart as sacred; the everyday, secular, or worldy aspects of life

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profane

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symbolic actions that represent religious meanings

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rituals

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belief that supernatural forces affect people's lives either positively or negatively

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simple supernaturalism

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the belief that plants, animals, or other elements of the natural world are endowed with spirits of life forces having an impact on events in society

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animism

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a belief in one more more god or gods

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theism

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belief in a single, supreme being or god who is responsible for significant events such as t he creation of the world like christianity and juadism

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monothesim

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a belief in more than one god like hinduism buddhism and shinto

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polytheism

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based on a belief in divine spiritual forces such as sacred principles of thought and conduct, rather than a God or gods.

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nontheistic religion

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what period of rapid growht in scientific and technological knowledge

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industrial revolution

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process by which religious beliefs, practices , and institutions lose their significance in sectors of sciety and culture

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secuarlization

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pperspecitve- providing meaning and purpose to life; promoting social cohesion and a sense of belonging; providing social control and support for the government

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functionalist

Front 16

religions share in common 3 elements:

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beliefs held by adherents; practices (rituals) engaged in collectively by believers; and a moral community which results from the groups shared beliefs and practices pertaining to the sacred

Front 17

the set of beliefs, rituals, and symbols that make sacred the values of the society and the place the nation inthe context oft he ultimate system of meaning; relationship b/w religion and the state

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civil religion

Front 18

what perspective and who saiys the capitalist class uses religous ideology as a tool of domination to mislead the workers about their true interests; thus, religon is the 'opitate of the people"

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karl marx and conflic

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who argued that religion could be a catalyst to produce social change? and what perspective

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max weber and conflict

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what book did weber link the teachings of john calvin with the rise of capitalism

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the protestant ethic and spirit of capitalism

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the belief that all people are divided into two groups, the saeved and the damned oand only god knows who will go to heave and who will not before they are born

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predestination

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what perspective: men and women interpret religion different ways and it helps to serve as a reference group to help them define themsevles

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symbolic

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orginating in pakistan, world's oldest; polytheistic; ethical religon;cycle of life with karma and enter nirvana, more reside in india

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hinudism

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a system of beliefs that calls upon adherents to follow an ideal way of life, which is achieved by adhering to the duties of one's caste

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ethical religion

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becoming liberated from the world by uniting the individual soul with the universal soul

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nirvana

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founder siddhartha guatama; teaches enlightenment and how to reach nirvana with four nobel truths and eightfold path to nirvana; one of the fastest growing eastern religions

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buddhism

Front 27

means familiy of scholars; teachings: order in human relationships, strict code of moral conduct, respect for others, benevolence and reciprocity; humans are good; 5 contestant relationshps: ruler-subect, husband-wife, elder brother-younger brother, elder friend-junior friend, father-son; WAS the official religion of ching until the communist took over

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confuciamism

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most reisde in israel, monotheism called Yahweh; worship in synagogues on sabbath; 3 branches- orthodox, reformed, and conservative

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judaism

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muslims; teachings of muhammad; five pillars of islam; allah monotheism; jihad; one of the fastest growing religions in theUS

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islam

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jesus Christ; second coming is the end of the world; world's dominant religion

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christianity

Front 31

the belief that all people are divided into two groups, the saeved and the damned oand only god knows who will go to heave and who will not before they are born

Back 31

predestination

Front 32

what perspective: men and women interpret religion different ways and it helps to serve as a reference group to help them define themsevles

Back 32

symbolic

Front 33

orginating in pakistan, world's oldest; polytheistic; ethical religon;cycle of life with karma and enter nirvana, more reside in india

Back 33

hinudism

Front 34

a system of beliefs that calls upon adherents to follow an ideal way of life, which is achieved by adhering to the duties of one's caste

Back 34

ethical religion

Front 35

becoming liberated from the world by uniting the individual soul with the universal soul

Back 35

nirvana

Front 36

founder siddhartha guatama; teaches enlightenment and how to reach nirvana with four nobel truths and eightfold path to nirvana; one of the fastest growing eastern religions

Back 36

buddhism

Front 37

means familiy of scholars; teachings: order in human relationships, strict code of moral conduct, respect for others, benevolence and reciprocity; humans are good; 5 contestant relationshps: ruler-subect, husband-wife, elder brother-younger brother, elder friend-junior friend, father-son; WAS the official religion of ching until the communist took over

Back 37

confuciamism

Front 38

most reisde in israel, monotheism called Yahweh; worship in synagogues on sabbath; 3 branches- orthodox, reformed, and conservative

Back 38

judaism

Front 39

muslims; teachings of muhammad; five pillars of islam; allah monotheism; jihad; one of the fastest growing religions in theUS

Back 39

islam

Front 40

jesus Christ; second coming is the end of the world; world's dominant religion

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christianity

Front 41

some countries have an official or state known religion is.... a religious organization that is so integrated into the dominant culutre that it calims as its members all memrbers of a society

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ecclesia

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a bureaucratically organized religious organization that tends to seek accommodation with the larger soceity in order to maintain some dgree of control over it

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church

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midway betweeen the church and the sect- a large organized religon characterized by accomoodation to society but frequently lacking in ability or intetion to dominate society

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denomination

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a relatvely small religous group that has borek away form another religous organiation to renew what it views as the original version of the faith

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sect

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a religous group with practices and teachings outisde the dominant culutural and religous tradtioinsof a society

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cult

Front 46

the decline in the significance of the sacred in daily life

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secularization

Front 47

a traditional religous doctrine that is conservative, typically opposed to modernity, and rejects worldy pleasures in favor of other worldy spirituality

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fundamentalism

Front 48

the christian movement that advocates freedom from political subjugation within a traditional perspective and advocates the need for social transformation to benefit the poor and powerless

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liberation theology

Front 49

this acknoledges the ligetitamacy of female power and ecnomcpasses a avarity of counterculture beliefs based on paganism and feminism

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goddess m movement