Sociology

Front 1

Gender is differentiated from sex in that gender pertains to:
A) the biological differences between males and females.
B) the cultural concepts of masculinity and femininity.
C) the behaviors expected of women and men.
D) the influence of hormones on the nervous system.

Back 1

Answer: B ( the cultural concepts of masculinity and femininity)

Front 2

Generally, in hunting and gathering societies
A) both men and women learn to be assertive and independent.
B) men learn to be extremely assertive and independent but women do not.
C) women learn to be extremely assertive and independent but men do not.
D) women are very dependent.

Back 2

Answer: A (both men and women learn to be assertive and independent)

Front 3

Cross-cultural studies of gender differences show that
A) men are always more aggressive than women.
B) women are always more passive than men.
C) gender roles are almost identical in all societies.
D) gender roles vary enormously.

Back 3

Answer: D (gender roles vary enormously)

Front 4

As societies become more complex,
A) men and women become more similar.
B) men and women become more equal.
C) men and women become more differentiated.
D) women become more dominant.

Back 4

Answer: C (men and women become more differentiated)

Front 5

Structural functionalists theorize that
A) men have traditionally played a more important role in society.
B) the roles of husbands and wives are becoming similar.
C) women will play a less important role in society in the future.
D) the family is in serious trouble because roles are changing.

Back 5

Answer: B (the roles of husbands and wives are becoming similar)

Front 6

Structural functionalists believe that women will eventually
A) develop roles similar to those of their husbands.
B) be trapped by the split labor market.
C) suffer if they refuse to play traditional social-emotional roles.
D) return to homemaking.

Back 6

Answer: A (develop roles similar to those of their husbands)

Front 7

Conflict theorists believe that women
A) will ultimately develop roles similar to those of their husbands.
B) are easily trapped in the split labor market.
C) suffer if they refuse to play traditional social-emotional roles.
D) will gradually return to homemaking.

Back 7

Answer: B (are easily trapped in the split labor market)

Front 8

Conflict theorists argue that
A) men have long considered women valuable property.
B) men do not consider women as equals in hunting and gathering societies.
C) women are no longer exploited by men.
D) all of the above.

Back 8

Answer: A (men have long considered women valuable property)

Front 9

Women’s economic role in society is
A) minimal, especially in agrarian societies.
B) minimal, especially in hunting and gathering societies.
C) most important in advanced technological societies.
D) important in all societies and always has been.

Back 9

Answer: D (important in all societies and always has been)

Front 10

In the Middle Ages
A) women had no choice but to marry.
B) the only acceptable work for women was child care.
C) women could join communes or convents if they did not wish to marry.
D) women had little opportunity to produce anything of value.

Back 10

Answer: C (women could join communes or convents if they did not wish to marry)

Front 11

Medieval women
A) rarely worked because there were no opportunities for paying jobs.
B) worked in the home, but never for income.
C) produced goods in the home for income.
D) worked outside the home whenever they needed income.

Back 11

Answer: C (produced goods in the home for income)

Front 12

At the beginning of the twentieth century
A) most women married.
B) fewer women were marrying than ever before.
C) opportunities for work outside the home increased dramatically.
D) women’s status both in the home and in the workplace was at a high level.

Back 12

Answer: A (most women married)

Front 13

14.
One major reason women earn less than men is that
A) wages in the secondary labor force, in which most working women are employed, are so low.
B) they take time off for child-rearing.
C) they leave the work force when they have children.
D) they lack adequate education.

Back 13

Answer: A (wages in the secondary labor force, in which most working women are employed, are so low)

Front 14

According to the United Nations: _____ account for about ___ percent of the world’s poor.
A) women; 70
B) men ; 60
C) women; 60
D) men; 70

Back 14

Answer: A (women; 70)

Front 15

Supporters of wages based on comparable worth demand
A) equal recognition for equal work.
B) equal pay for equal work.
C) equal pay for work requiring similar levels of skills, even if not identical.
D) equal pay for everyone.

Back 15

Answer: C (equal pay for work requiring similar levels of skills, even if not identical)

Front 16

Trends in the labor market show
A) skilled male workers being laid off.
B) skilled jobs being divided into simpler jobs.
C) women filling unskilled jobs at low wages.
D) all of the above.

Back 16

Answer: D (all of the above)

Front 17

When wives work and husbands are unemployed
A) he does most of the housework.
B) she does most of the housework.
C) they share the work equally.
D) they get a housekeeper.

Back 17

Answer: B (she does most of the housework)

Front 18

In Europe the women’s movement focused on
A) equal rights for women.
B) special privileges for women.
C) equal pay for women.
D) better divorce laws and alimony for women.

Back 18

Answer: B (special privileges for women)

Front 19

The percentage of women senior executives in Fortune 500 companies as of 2008 is approximately:
A) 5%.
B) 8%.
C) 16%.
D) 40%.

Back 19

Answer: C (16 %)

Front 20

In the United States the women’s movement focused on
A) equal rights for women.
B) special privileges for women.
C) equal pay for women.
D) better divorce laws and alimony for women.

Back 20

Answer: A (equal rights for women)

Front 21

No-fault divorce has resulted in
A) men paying more alimony.
B) men taking more blame for divorce.
C) more women staying in the family home after divorce.
D) women having a much reduced standard of living following divorce.

Back 21

Answer: D (men taking more blame for divorce)

Front 22

Women remain in low-paying jobs partly because they
A) lack experience in autonomy and authority.
B) do not want more money.
C) do not want more responsibility.
D) are not competitive.

Back 22

Answer: A (lack experience in autonomy and authority)

Front 23

In families according high status to housewives, women’s
A) level of stress is reduced, especially in Mexico.
B) level of stress is increased, especially in the United States.
C) rates of depression are reduced for those who also work outside the home.
D) rates of depression and role conflict are increased.

Back 23

Answer: A (level of stress is reduced, especially in Mexico)

Front 24

Women’s negative self-perceptions are often based on
A) the low status given to housewives.
B) hormonal fluctuations.
C) their strength and independence.
D) their new independence from men.

Back 24

Answer: A (the low status given to housewives)

Front 25

Medical care for women
A) is the same as for men.
B) often interferes with the normal reproductive process.
C) is becoming more natural.
D) is provided only when it is less dangerous than natural functions.

Back 25

Answer: B (often interferes with the normal reproductive process)

Front 26

Family violence most likely continues because
A) those who are abused have little to no income.
B) those who are abused are usually asking for it .
C) abusers are mentally ill.
D) abuse rarely recurs at frequent intervals.

Back 26

Answer: A (those who are abused have little to no income)

Front 27

Sexual harassment is
A) flattering to women in the workplace. .
B) a rare occurrence.
C) common in lower-class jobs but rare in corporate positions.
D) a threat to job security and promotion in all types of jobs.

Back 27

Answer: D (a threat to job security and promotion in all types of jobs)

Front 28

All the following statements are true except?
A) Rape is a crime of aggression.
B) Rape is often carried out by men who hate women.
C) Rape is best prevented by avoiding strangers
D) Rape is commonly shown in violent pornographic literature.

Back 28

Answer: C (Rape is best prevented by avoiding strangers)

Front 29

Structural functionalists believe women in the work force will
A) be trapped by the split labor market.
B) be divided by social class.
C) be unwilling to function in feminine roles.
D) move into higher positions in the bureaucracy.

Back 29

Answer: D (move into higher positions in the bureaucracy)

Front 30

Violence between the sexes is likely to continue as long as there is
A) sexual attraction between sexes.
B) mutual respect between sexes.
C) a lack of mutual respect between sexes.
D) equality of opportunity.

Back 30

Answer: C (a lack of mutual respect between sexes)

Front 31

Men in all societies are more assertive than women.

Back 31

Answer: False

Front 32

Structural functionalists maintain that the gender roles assigned by a society are functional
to the society.

Back 32

Answer: True

Front 33

Gender roles in a society are related to its structure.

Back 33

Answer: True

Front 34

Conflict theorists hold that the gender roles assigned by a society are functional for both men and women.

Back 34

Answer: False

Front 35

Conflict theorists believe men need to control women so that they can be sure of the
paternity of children.

Back 35

Answer: True

Front 36

The gap between the earnings of men and women has steadily narrowed for the past fifty years.

Back 36

Answer: False

Front 37

Jobs in the secondary labor force are being moved to third world countries where women work for low wages.

Back 37

Answer: True

Front 38

Women hold high-status occupations proportionate to their numbers in the work force about on a par with men.

Back 38

Answer: False

Front 39

Because comparable worth is fair, it will be enacted soon.

Back 39

Answer: False

Front 40

Swedish women receive one year of paid leave when they have a baby.

Back 40

Answer: True

Front 41

Women who work when they have young children at home are less healthy than other women.

Back 41

Answer: True

Front 42

Stress among women who are housewives occurs more from lack of respect than from the nature of their work.

Back 42

Answer: True

Front 43

The women’s movement has successfully made treatment fair for the victims of rape.

Back 43

Answer: False