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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Counterculture
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A group whose values, beliefs and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture.
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Cultural Diffusion
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The spread of cultural Characteristics from one group to another.
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Ideal Culture
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The ideals values and norms of a people, the goal held out for them.
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Folkways
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Norms that are not strictly enforced.
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Cultural Leveling
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The process by which cultures become similar to one another and especially by which western industrial culture is imported and diffused into industrializing nations.
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Subculture
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The values and related behaviors of a group that distinguishes its members from the larger culture; a world within a world.
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Nonmaterial culture
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A groups ways of thinking (including its beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world) and doing (its common patterns of behavior, including language and other forms of interaction).
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Cultural lag
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William Ogburns term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations.
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Negative sanction
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An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal prison sentence or an execution.
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Sanctions
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Expressions of approval or disapproval given to people for upholding or violating norms.
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Values
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The standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly.
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Pluralistic Society
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A society made up of many different groups.
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Sociobiology
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A framework of thought that views human behavior as the result of natural selection and considers biological Characteristics to be the fundamental cause of human behavior.
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Norms
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The expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop out of values.
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Language
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A system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought
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New Technology
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The emerging technologies of an era that have a significant impact on social life.
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Real Culture
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The norms and values that people actually follow.
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Symbol
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Something to which people attach meanings and then use to communicate with others.
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Technology
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In its narrow sense, tools; its broader sense includes the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools.
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Culture shock
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The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken for granted assumptions about life.
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Cultural relativism
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Not Judging a culture, but trying to understand it on its own terms.
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Ethnocentrism
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The use of ones own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors.
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Taboo
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A norm so strong that it brings revulsion if violated.
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Culture
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The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next.
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Material Culture
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The material objects that distinguish a group of people such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry.
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Mores
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Norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values.
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Cultural Universal
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A value, norm or other cultural trait that is found in every group.
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Value contradiction
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Values that contradict one another, to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other.
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Value cluster
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A series of interrelated values that together form a larger whole.
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Gestures
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The ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another.
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Positive Sanction
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A reward given for following norms, ranging from a smile to a prize.
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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Edward sapir and Benjamin Whorfs hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving.
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Symbolic Culture
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Another term for nonmaterial culture.
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