Social Studies Indian Independance Part 2

Front 1

What did the British government do after the Revolt of 1857?

Back 1

The British took control of India from the East India Company in the Government Act of 1858. The Viceroy has complete control of everything.

Front 2

Explain the idea of "seperate electorates."

Back 2

The idea of seperate electorates meant that Muslims were allowed to elect members of their own religios faith into legistlative seats reserved for them. Muslim leaders believed that democratic elections would favor the Hindu majority.

Front 3

Explain the main points of the Cripps Plan of 1942. Why did the plan fail?

Back 3

The Cripps Plan of 1942 offered eventual independance. Provinces and states would send representatives to create a body that would draft a constitution. The constitution would guarantee the rights of minorities. The plan failed partly because of the British.

Front 4

What were Gandhi's main tactics to achieve independance?

Back 4

-satyagraha (civil disobedience)
-doesn't cooperate with the government
-boycotted government services

Front 5

According to Gandhi and Nehru, why did communal problems exist between Hindus and Muslims.

Back 5

Gandhi: Congress alone claims to represent the whole of India, all interests but it is not a particular religious organization. Blames Britain for dividing India.
Nehru: Blamed Britain for trying to keep India divided.

Front 6

What specific Hindu actions worried many Muslims?

Back 6

Gandhi's strategies were seen by the Muslims as Hindu-based. Muslims were wary of working with the Congress.Believed that the Hindu majority would overpower the Muslim minoity. Muslims were angered that loud music were played by mosques. Plus Muslims were angry that they were seen by Hindus as the second class.

Front 7

How did Jinnah's tactics for seeking independance differ from Gandhi's?

Back 7

Gandhi wanted to appeal to the masses when Jinnah believed in constitutional reform. Jinnah believed that he did not need Congress and that the Hindu mass movement would not need Muslim support.

Front 8

What events in 1937 convinced many Musims that they needed a seperate homeland?

Back 8

The Muslim League won only 108 seatsof the 485 Muslim seats availible. After that, it could not form a government without popular majority.

Front 9

What did the Muslim League demand in 1940?

Back 9

Areas in northwest Inda are grouped to constitute the Independent States would be autonomous and sovereign.

Front 10

How did the elections of 1946 differ from those of 1937?

Back 10

The Muslim League took every Muslim seat in the central legistlative assembly and 442 out of 509 Muslim seats in all eleven provinces, and was able to form governments in two provinces in the elections of 1946 but in the elections in 1937, the Muslim League was astonished by its poor showing against other local Muslim groups.

Front 11

How did Britain restrict the power of Indians in the government?

Back 11

The British government took control of india from the East India Company in the Government of India Act of 1858.The India Councils Act of 1892 added more members to the Viceroy's and the provincial governors' legislative council. Members of the legislative council weren't allowed to embarass the government in any way. The Viceroy could disallow any proposal without any explanation.

Front 12

What were the effects of the Government of India Act of 1919?

Back 12

The Government of India Act of 1919 gave incereased power to the provinces, but British officials kept the most important powers for themselves. The Viceroy could not only overide any disicions, but he could pass laws by himself. He could even rule for up to six months without his legislative council.

Front 13

What was the purpose of the Government of India Act of 1935?

Back 13

It intended to create a federation of eleven British provinces and over five hundred Indian procely states.

Front 14

Why was there opposition to a federation?

Back 14

Half of the pricely states were fearful of losing their independence and would never agree to a federation. Many of the newly elected officials took charge of their provincial governments, which created suspicion among many Indian nationalists.

Front 15

What did the British government offer during WW2?

Back 15

Eventual independence. Provinces and states would send representatives to create a body that would draft a constitution. The constitution would agree the rights of minorities.

Front 16

Who was Mohandas Gandhi?

Back 16

Mohandas Gandhi was a new leader of Congress who organized additional protests. Used satyagraha which is helping the Indian comunity ther gain more rights through acts of civil disobedience.

Front 17

How did Gandhi and his followers protest the salt tax?

Back 17

Gandhi and some of his followers walked 240 miles where Gandhi lifed a handful of salt from the sea. Others marched throughout the country especially the plces rents and taxes weren't paid.

Front 18

Who was Mohanmmed Ali Jinnah?

Back 18

A new member to the Imperial Legislative Council who hoped for cooperation between Hindus and Muslims.

Front 19

Why did Jinnah resign from the Congress Party?

Back 19

Jinnah offered amendments and the Congress not only refused but broke the Luckknow Pact by abandoning the idea of seperate electorates.

Front 20

How did the Muslim League react to the results of the 1937 election?

Back 20

The Muslim League was astonished by the Congress Party's massive victory but also by their own poor showing against local Muslim parties.

Front 21

How did Jinnah reorganize the Muslim League?

Back 21

Jinnah realized that the Muslim League's poor showing in the elections was due to Muslim disunity and the League's own lack of organization.The Muslim League became a movement campaign. 170 new branches of the party were formed.Jinnah worked with local Muslm leaders to build a more powerful political coalition.

Front 22

What was the signficance of the 1940 declaration by the Muslim League?

Back 22

The Muslim League declared its belief that areas in the northwest and eastern India, where Muslims formed a majority, should be grouped to constitute Independent States in which the constitutent units should be independent and soveriegn.

Front 23

What were the results of the 1946 elections?

Back 23

Congress gained control of all six Hindu- majority provinces, the Muslim League took every seat in the Central Legislative Assembly and 442 of 509 Muslim seats in all eleven provinces. It formed governmernts in Bengal and Sind.