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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Demography
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The study of the population
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Human Agency
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People are agents and actors who cope with, adapt to, and change social structures to meet their needs.
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Assimilation
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Process where individuals or groups adopt the culture of another group, losing their original identity.
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Baby boom generation
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People who where living during WWII, upon return to US, fertility rates increased
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Fertility
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Birthrate
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Morality
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Death rate
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Regressive tax
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Taxing at a set percentage, takes a larger proportion of the wealth from the poor than from the non-poor
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Dependency ratio
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Proportion of the pop. who work compared to the proportion who do not work.
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Therapeutic Care
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the approach in a health facility that focuses on meeting the need of residents.
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Custodial Care
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The approach in a health facility that focuses on meeting the needs of the institution, resulting in poor-quality care for patients.
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Beanpole family structure
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A family structure in which the number of living generations within linkage increaces, but there is an intragenerational contraction in the number of members within each generation
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Sandwich family structure
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Where parents care for both their parents and their children simultaneously.
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Ageism
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The devaluation of and the discrimination against the elderly
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Disengagement
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The response by some people to the aging process of retreating from relationships, organization. and society.
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Poverty
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Standard of living below the minimum needed for the main tan ce of adequate diet, health, and shelter.
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Offical poverty line
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Arbitrary line computed by multiplying the cost of a basic nutritionally adequate diet by three.
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Poverty threshold
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Arbitrary line computed by multiplying the cost of a basic nutritionally adequate diet by three.
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Feminization of poverty
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women are more likely to be in poverty bc women are economically vulnerable then men, especially women of color.
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Persistent poverty counties
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Counties in the US where 20% of the people live below the poverty line
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Extreme - poverty neighborhoods
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Areas in the US where more than 40% of the people love below the poverty line.
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New poor
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Poor who are displaced by new technology, jobs who've moved away to the suburbs, other regions or out of the country. Less hope of escaping poverty, don't have benefits like old poor.
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Old poor
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Poor of an ealing generation, who wanted to break out of poverty with unskilled jobs bc they were plentiful. Hope for their children to escape poverty
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Working poor
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People who work but remain below the poverty threshold.
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Near poor
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People who work but remain below the poverty threshold but below 125% of that threshold.
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Severely poor
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People whose cash incomes are at half the poverty line or less.
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Personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act (PRWORA)
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It shifted walker programs from federal gov. to the states. Cut spending by:
-find work within two years -limited on welfare for five years |
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Walfare
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Gov. monies and services provided to the poor
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Wealthfare
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Gov. subsidies to the non-poor
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Tax expenditures
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Legal tax loopholes that allow the affluent to escape paying certain taxes and therefore to receive a subsidy
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Regressive tax
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Tax rare that remains the same for the rich and the poor.
- poor pay a larger portion. |
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Social Darwinism
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Belief that the place of people in the social stratification system is a function of their ability and effort.
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Meritocracy
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Social classification based on ability
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Blaming the victim
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Ignores social factors and blames the victim.
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Self-fulfilling prophecy
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Event that occurs bc it is predicted. The prophecy is fulfilled bc people alter their behavior to conform to the prediction
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Culture-of-poverty
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View that the poor are qualitative different in values and lifestyles from the rest of society and that these cultural differences explain continued poverty
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Institutional discrimination
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when the social arrangements and accepted ways of doing things in society disadvantage minority groups.
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Differential fertility
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Differences in the average number if children born to a women by social category
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Fertility rate
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the average number of children each women
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Modern demographic transition
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3 stage pattern
1. Agricultural- both birth and death rates high, pop. low. 2. Transition - birthrates maintain high but death rates low. 3. Decline- slowing pop., societies become more ruban |
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Life Chances
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the chances throughout ones if cycle to live and experience the good things in life
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Pandemic
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world wide epidemic
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New slavery
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Not long life condition. Individuals and family are enslaved by choice bc of extreme poverty
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Megacity
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City with 10 million plus people
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Colony
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a territory controlled by a powerful country that exploits the land and the people for it own benefit
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Transnational corporation
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a profit oriented company engaged in business activities in more than one nation
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Corporate dumping
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exporting good that have banned or not approved for sale in the US, so they send it over seas.
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the average Americans carbon_________ is 23x bigger than that of the average Indian
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footprint
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Most of the current pop. growth occurs in the ____ developed nations
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less
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transition stage
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stage of the modern demographic transition in which pop. growth remains high while death rates decrease
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Debt bind age is most common in ______
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South Asia
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1/2 of the world's pop. lives in _____ areas
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urban
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Transnational companies prefer to hire ______ from poor countries to work in factories.
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children
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Why do poor countries have higher fertility rates?
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Children need to bring in income and take care of aging parents.
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Women's roles in society of developing world and pop. growth
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-have children
-rise children -maintain house -no responsibilities outside the home. |
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How does chronic malnutrition affect children and adults
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child's growth is stunted (physical and mental)
increased morality rates adults deal with emotional lose of child and lose of income |
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3 ways corporate dumping is undesirable
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increase health risks
ANTI-US feelings Boomerang effect |
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women are ___ likely than men to be among the working poor
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more
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census generally ____ the number of the poor
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underestimates
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new poor are ____ off than the old poor
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worse
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_____ occurs when the customary ways of doings things, the prevailing attitudes and expectations, and the accepted structural arrangements on society disadvantage the poor
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institutional discrimination
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____ to the theory that the poor are poor bc societal structure limit their opportunities
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structural theory
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a cultural inferiority argument is a type of _____ theory
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defincey
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one of the primary ways that ppl without insurance access Healthcare is by using ______ medical services
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ER
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Why is it difficult to determine exact number of the ppl.in poverty
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No stable system
Homeless undocumented |
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What are the causes of feminization of poverty
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lower paying jobs
divorce/not married |
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difference between new and old poor
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new poor- blue collard workers who gotten laid off due to technology
old poor- past gen. who could never get out of poverty and want their children out of it. |
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myths about poverty
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-just get a job
-welfare dependency -poor get special advantage |
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2012, U.S. at 313,000,000 in pop. we are the _____ highest pop in the world
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3
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U.S. grows in pop. in large influx bc of _______
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immigration
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What generation were born between 1946-64
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baby boom
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Immigration Act
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abandoned the quota system that European characterized the US for half a century.
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T/F Majority are out numbers minorities.
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F.
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elderly married couples have a greater ____ then elderly singles
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net worth
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Why are there few racial minorities elderly then whites?
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life expectancy
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How are immigration and human Agency related?
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immigrants have to cope and adapt to their social situations of the host country to meet basic needs.
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