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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Scientific Sociology? |
The study of society based on systematic observation of social behaviour |
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Concept? |
mental construct that represents some part of the world in simplified form |
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variable? |
Concept whose value changes from place to place |
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measurement? |
procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case |
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operationalize variable? |
specifying exactly what it is to be measure before assigning value to a variable |
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Reliability? |
Consistency in measurement |
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Validity? |
Actually measuring what you intend to measure |
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Cause + Effect? |
A relationship where change in one variable causes a change in another |
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Correlation? |
A relationship in which 2 or more variables change together |
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Spurious correlation? |
apparent but false relationship between two or more variables that is cause by some other variable |
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control? |
Holding constant all variable except one in order to see clearly the effect of the variable.
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objectivity? |
Personal neutrality in conducting research |
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replication? |
repetition of research by other investigators |
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Interpretive Sociology? |
Study of society that focuses on the meanings people attach to the social world |
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Structural Functional Approach- |
directs attention to the way sports help society operate |
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Social Conflict Approach (Sports)- |
Games people play reflect their social standing (male + female, race, wealth) |
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Sports as symbolic interactionism- |
Hockey=Symbol (Handshake) |
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Status? |
Social position a person holds, social identity that helps define relationship with others |
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Status Set? |
all of the statuses a person holds at a given time |
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Achieved Status? |
Social Status someone assumes voluntarily that effects personal ability + effort (Doctor, Lawyer) |
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Most statuses involve... |
Ascription and Achievment |
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Master status? |
status with exceptional importance for social identity often shaping a persons entire life (illness) |
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Ascribed status? |
Social status someone receives at birth |
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Role? |
Behaviour expected of someone who holds a particular status |
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Role set? |
Number of roles attached to a particular status
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Role Conflict? |
Conflict among roles connected to two or more statuses |
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Role Strain? |
Tension among roles connected to a single status |
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Role exit? |
Departure from a social role |
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George Herbert Mead developed the theory of? |
The Social Self |
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Describe Mead's theory of the self? |
Part of an individuals personality is composed of self awareness and self image |
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Generalized other- |
Widespread cultural norms and values we use as a reference in evaluating ourselves |
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Lenski developed the term ?? |
Sociocultural evolution |
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Describe sociocultural evolution? |
changes that occur as a society gains new technology |
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Karl Marx theories were based on ? |
Materialism and experience |
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Social Conflict- |
Struggle between segments of society over valued resources (Karl Marx) |
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Social Institutions- |
Major spheres of social life, or societal subsystems, organized to meet human needs |
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Karl Marx would say that the Economy is.. |
Societies infrastructure |
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Alienation? |
The experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness |
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4 ways in which capitalism alienates workers? |
1. Act of working 2. The product of work 3. From other workers 4. From human potential |
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What was Weber's theory? |
idealism which is how human ideas and beliefs shape society |
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7 Characteristics of Rational Social Organization (Weber) |
*Distinctive social institutions *Large Scale Organizations *Specialized Tasks *Personal Discipline *Awareness of time *Technical Competence *Impersonality |
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What method did Emile Durkheim propose? |
Functionalism- small elements functional for a larger society (crying supports social growth) |
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Durkheim believed that society.. |
Is in ourselves (helps form personalities) |
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Derek believed humans need restraint.. |
of society to control desires |
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Durkheim warned of modernity, this was because..? |
The increase of anomie, society providing little guidance for people |
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Max Weber promoted ___ versus materialism |
Idealism |
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What proceed did max weber define as a social evolution> |
Rationalization |
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What are 5 of sociology's paradigms? |
Structural functionalism Conflict Symbolic Interactionism Gender Post modern perspectives |
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What is ethnomethodology? |
The study of members method, deploy in order to create an appearance of social order |
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In the tic tac toe experiment, the rules were..? |
implicit |
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The breach of the rules was treated as.. |
"Motivated" |
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In ethnomethodology, breaches are always |
RECOGNIZED and noticed |
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Freud? |
Integration of the personality (early childhood experience is important) |
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Piaget? |
Cognitive Development- (Immature-Mature) (I drawed a picture) |
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Kohlberg on moral development? |
Most don't achieve the highest level, those who act solely on principles are terrible |
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Work entails 4 types of socialization...? |
Anticipatory Socialization, Formal socialization, Informal socialization (learning the ropes), Acquisition of personal role expectations |
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What 5 methods does sociology use for collecting data? |
-experiments -surveys -historical/ documentary -ethnography -content analysis |
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What two scientific paradigms does sociology present? |
The hypothetic deductive- Makes predictions and conducts research to test those predictions Natural observation Paradigm- focused observations and uncovers finding based on those observations |
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Nice work |
good job |