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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The systematic study of human society
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Sociology
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The special point of view of sociology that sees general patterns of society in the lives of particular people
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Sociological perspective
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The study of the larger world and our society's place in it
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Global perspective
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The nations with the highest overall standards of living
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High-income countries
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Nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole
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Middle-income countries
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Nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor
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Low-income countries
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A scientific approach to knowledge based on "positive" facts as opposed to mere speculation
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Positivism
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A statement of how and why specific facts are related
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Theory
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A basic image of society that guides thinking and research
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Theoretical approach
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A framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability
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Structural-functional approach
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Any relatively stable pattern of social behavior
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Social structure
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The consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society as a whole
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Social functions
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The recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern
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Manifest functions
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The unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern
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Latent functions
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Any social pattern that may disrupt the operations of society
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Social dysfunction
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A framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
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Social-conflict approach
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A point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between women and men
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Gender-conflict approach
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Support of social equality for women and men
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Feminism
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A point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of defferent racial and ethnic categories
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Race-conflict approach
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A broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole
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Macro-level orientation
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A close up focus on social interaction in specific situations
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Micro-level orientation
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A framework, for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
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Symbolic-interaction approach
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The study of society based on systematic observation of social behavior
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Positivist sociology
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A logical system that develops knowledge from direct, systematic observation
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Science
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Information we can verify with our senses
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Empirical evidence
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A mental construct that represents some aspect of the world in a simplified form
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Concept
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A concept whose value changes from case to case
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Variable
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A procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case
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Measurement
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A relationship in which two (or more) variables change together
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Correlation
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Consistency in measurement
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Reliability
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Actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure
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Validity
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A relationship in which change in one variable (the independent variable) causes change in another (the dependent variable)
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Cause and effect
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The study of society that focuses on the need for social change
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Critical sociology
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The personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being femal or male
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Gender
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A systematic plan for doing research
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Research method
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A research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions
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Experiment
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A research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions on a questionnaire or in an interview
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Survey
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A research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities
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Participant observation
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A simplified description applied to every person in some category
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Stereotype
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Father of sociology
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Auguste Comte
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