Session 24 Mmi

Front 1

relationship between cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

Back 1

once something infects the lymphatics, it can reach the vasculature

Front 2

cardiovascular infections can be infections of the

Back 2

1. blood

2. heart and its valves

3. vessel walls

Front 3

systemic infections are

Back 3

disseminated infections

Front 4

bacteremia is the presence of

Back 4

bacteria in the blood

Front 5

septicemia/ sepsis

Back 5

presence of bacteria in blood and systemic response to infection

Front 6

septic shock caused by both

Back 6

gram + and -

Front 7

septic shock most dangerous from gram

Back 7

-

Front 8

why more dangerous when gram -

Back 8

because gram negatives release LPS, causing endotoxic shock

Front 9

how do bacteria get into the blood/lymph?

Back 9

1. breach of the body's natural first line of defence- skin

2. infection and inflammation of tissues- openings to inside of body

Front 10

how do we find out if there are bacteria in bloodstream?

Back 10

take blood culture bottles, take anaerobe and aerobe tests

Front 11

why take multiple vials to test for positive blood cultures?

Back 11

to make sure that one is infected, usually blood sample can be contaminated by S. epidermidis.

Front 12

common organisms found in positive blood cultures

Back 12

1. S. aureus and epidermidis

2. S. pneumoniae

3. enterococci

4. alpha-streptococci

5. gram negatives

Front 13

bacteremia can lead to

Back 13

1. spontaneous learing of bacteria

2. infection of other parts of the body

3. sepsis

4. septic shock

Front 14

infections of the heart muscle can arise from...

Back 14

microorganisms in the bloodstream

Front 15

sub-acute bacterial endocarditis

Back 15

infections of valves w/bacteria from the bloodstream

Front 16

the bacteria forms ... in the heart

Back 16

vegetations/biofilms

Front 17

sub-acute bacterial endocarditis usually occurs to people with..

Back 17

abnormal valves

Front 18

sub-acute bacterial endocarditis symptoms

Back 18

1. fever

2. weakness

3. heart murmur

Front 19

Usually caused by

Back 19

1. alpha hemolytic stretococci

2. S. epidermidis

3. enterococci which are usually part of normal flora- called wimpy bacteria

Front 20

acute bacterial endocarditis is a

Back 20

rapidly progressive damage to heart valves

Front 21

acute bacterial endocarditis often occurs when

Back 21

open heart surgery has been done and the wound is contaminated

Front 22

acute bacterial endocarditis usually caused by

Back 22

S. aureus and other pyogenic bacteria (very aggressive)

Front 23

pericarditis

Back 23

inflammation of heart sac or pericardium

Front 24

pericarditis often caused by

Back 24

S. pyogenes

Front 25

Pericarditis may also caused by

Back 25

viruses such as a virus named "Bornholm disease"

Front 26

Back 26

normal heart vs heart wth purulent inflammation

Front 27

atherosclerosis causes what in the arteries?

Back 27

over growth of smooth muscle tissue, making artery opening small

Front 28

atherosclerosis believed to be caused by

Back 28

a multi-pathogen load

Front 29

lymphangitis

Back 29

inflammation of the lymphatic channels

Front 30

lymphangitis can lead to

Back 30

sepsis

Front 31

spleen function

Back 31

remove contaminants and cells

produces opsonizing antibodies

Front 32

reasons for splenectomy

Back 32

1. trauma, damage

2. thrombocytopenia

Front 33

thrombocytopenia

Back 33

where spleen is sequestering platelets

Front 34

patients without a spleen are very susceptible to infection with

Back 34

encapsulated organisms

Front 35

need to ...before splenectomy if possible

need for antibiotic...

Back 35

vaccinate

prophylaxis

Front 36

Septicemia w/ S. pneumoniae is common in

Back 36

asplenic individuals

Front 37

Bacillus anthracis causes

Back 37

Anthrax

Front 38

Borrelia bergdorferi causes

Back 38

lyme disease

Front 39

Yersinia pestis causes

Back 39

black death

Front 40

borrelia burgdorferi is a

Back 40

microaerophilic spicrochaete

Front 41

causes erythema migrans or

Back 41

bulls eyes rash

Front 42

borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted through

Back 42

ticks which live in mice and deer

Front 43

ticks must be attached for... before... is transferred

Back 43

24 hours

bacterium

Front 44

Borrelia can live for years in untreated patients within

Back 44

1. joints

2. nervous system

3. skin

Front 45

common complications with Borrelia burgdorferi

Back 45

arthritis and neurological disorders

Front 46

Yernsinia pestis is a

Back 46

facultatively anaerobic Gram - bacillus

Front 47

yernsinia pestis can live in

Back 47

phagocytes/macrophages

Front 48

yersinia pestis causes two syndromes

Back 48

pneumonic and bubonic plague

Front 49

transmission or bubonic plague

Back 49

rats

Front 50

transmission for pneumonic plague

Back 50

human transmission

Front 51

pneumonic plague can start as bubonic plague where a

Back 51

lymph node is infected and bursts, spreading to lungs where it becomes pneumonic plague

Front 52

plague can be treated if in time with

Back 52

tetracycline or streptomycin

Front 53

Pasteurella mullocida is a

Back 53

facultatively anerobic Gram-negative bacillus

Front 54

found often in...

most infectious from...

Back 54

often found in dog and cat mouths

most infectious are cat bites

Front 55

pasteurella multocida can cause

Back 55

sepsis and septic shock

Front 56

pasteurella needs ... before tests results come back

Back 56

acute treatment with antibiotic

Front 57

Viral Hemorrhagic fevers are mostly

Back 57

zoonotic diseases

Front 58

first symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fevers are

Back 58

1. fevers

2. chills

3. headache

4. nausea

5. vomitting

Front 59

viral hemorrhagic fevers are usually followed by

Back 59

jaundice or liver damage

Front 60

Yellow Fever caused by

Back 60

RNA virus called flaviviridae

Front 61

yellow fever transmitted by

Back 61

mosquitoes

Front 62

yellow fever is characterized by

Back 62

hepatic, renal and myocardial injury, and hemorrhages

Front 63

yellow fever only occurs in

Back 63

S. America and Sub-Saharan Africa

Front 64

Yellow fever natural reservoir are

Back 64

monkeys

Front 65

yellow fever diagnosis are done by

Back 65

serology

Front 66

yellow fever treatment

Back 66

no treat men but there is live attenuated vaccine

Front 67

Dengue and Yellow fever have the same..

Back 67

viral origins and transmission

Front 68

dengue is endemic in

Back 68

Caribbean and tropics

Front 69

Dengue has ... subtypes

Back 69

4

Front 70

dengue also called

Back 70

breakbone fever

Front 71

dengue symptoms

Back 71

1. fever

2 muscle pain

3 joint pain

4. rashes

Front 72

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is more severe than... and can cause... in hours

Back 72

more severe than Dengue fever and causes shock

Front 73

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is caused by

Back 73

reinfection of another type of dengue within two yrs of initial infection

Front 74

Zika Virus is cuased by

Back 74

RNA, enveloped virus of Flaviviridae family

Front 75

Zika first seen in

Back 75

rhesus monkey

Front 76

Zika linked with

Back 76

Guillan Barre syndrome and microcephaly

Front 77

Zika treatment

Back 77

no vaccine or antiviral

Front 78

Ebola Virus caused by

Back 78

Enveloped RNA virus- a filovirus

Front 79

Ebola reservoir are

Back 79

bats

Front 80

Ebola transmission

Back 80

direct contact of bodily fluids

Front 81

Ebola treatment

Back 81

aggressive supportive treat ment with IV fluids

Front 82

spread of Ebola down to these facors

Back 82

1. lack of education

2. lack of health facilities

3. movement of people in West Africa

4. traditions of caring for the dead

Front 83

ebola symptoms

Back 83

1. headache

2. myalgia

3. sore throat

4. red eyes

5. nausea

6. vomitting

7. diarrhea

8. rashes

9. chest pain