Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
problem in body function or structure that deviates from expected norm
|
impairment
|
|
any physical or mental impairment that limits any major life activity
|
disability
|
|
what parents medical history do you need to be concerned about
|
mother
|
|
what components are important for the medical history
|
- maternal pregnancy
- childhood disease - ADL and hygeine - driving hx - use of protective shields |
|
what types of food are good for eye wellness
|
- vit A
- B complex - antioxidants - zinc |
|
what are some ways of primary eye wellness
|
- proper diet
- eye protection - handwashing - contact's care/cleansing - DONT RUB EYES |
|
what are some ways of secondary eye wellness
|
HP eye screenings
- vision - EOM, hirshberg, cover uncover - peerla - tonometry -fundoscopy - gonioscopy |
|
what test measures intraocular pressure, IOP, glaucoma
|
tonometry
|
|
what test tests reflection angle of anterior chamber
|
gonioscopy
|
|
what does tertiary eye wellness consist of
|
visual rehab
- grief - lifestyle changes - visual aids - social support - referrals |
|
what stages do people go through when going through visual rehab
|
- grief
- lifestyle changes - visual aids - social support - referrals |
|
what effects may deeper eyes have on vision
|
upward gaze
|
|
what effects can decreased eye lids etc have
|
- decreased tear secretion
- accommodation - corneal reflex |
|
what are some effects of aging on the eyes
|
- decreased eyebrow, eyelash, eyelids
- deeper eyes - decreased tear secretion, accomodation, coreal reflex - arcus sinilis - paler iris - smaller pupil - decreased visual acuity --glare tolerance --adaptations to dark and light --peripheral vision --accomodation/prebyopia - CATARACT |
|
what is the most common eye condition related to aging
|
cataract
|
|
how is legal blindness defined
|
visual acuity 20/200 or less with maximal correction
|
|
what are some common eye sensation
|
- pain
- itching - burning - photophobia |
|
ophthalmalgia
|
eye pain
|
|
- often poorly localized
- eyestrain - pullin - pressure - fullness - superficial - deep |
eye pain
|
|
where is eye pain commonly felt
|
- brow
- periocular - ocular - retrobulbar |
|
what cranial nerve is involved in ptosis
|
3
|
|
eye is bulging out
|
proptosis
|
|
does grave disease have to be bilateral
|
no
|
|
what are some signs of altered vision
|
- refractive error
- ptosis - cloudiness |
|
what are some common causes of altered vision
|
- medications
- trauma - could be local or systemic |
|
what are some common preventable causes of permanent vision loss
|
- amblyopia
- diabetic retinopathy - age - related maculopathy - glaucoma |
|
- reduced vision in an eye not correctable by a manifest refraction and without obvious pathologic or structural cause
|
amblyopia
|
|
typically the vision in one eye is 2 lines or more worse than in the other eye
|
amblyopia
|
|
lazy eye, relaxed muscle, brain shuts off with the wandering eye
|
amblyopia
|
|
intraocular muscle imbalance that results in misalignment
|
strabismus
|
|
what are the different types of strabismus
|
- esotropia
- exotropia - hypertropia - hypotropia |
|
how is strabismus diagnosed
|
- inspection
- EOMs - hirschberg - cover uncover |
|
what is the treatment for strabismus
|
- glasses with prism
- patch over good eye - botulinum neurotoxin A (botox) - surgery (standard) |
|
what can you expect to see with a post op strabismus patient
|
- no patch
- conjunctival injection - serosanguinous tears ----- wipe with clean cloth or muscle - mild analgesia prn |
|
- most common cause of visual impairment
- c/o blurred vision, headache - normally, light is bent as it passes through cornea and lens - disorders occur when light rays are not focused properly on retina |
refractive disorders
|
|
what are some refractive disorders
|
- myopia
- hyperopia - presbyopia - astigmatism |
|
- nearsightedness
- eyeball is usually longer than normal - light rays come into focus IN FRONT of retina - refractive power is too strong |
myopia
|
|
what is the treatment for myopia
|
corrective lenses or surgery
- concave or minus lens used to focus rays on eye |
|
- farsightedness
- eyeball shorter thank normal - cornea with lens curvature than normal |
hyperopia
|
|
- focal point falls BEHIND the eye
- image in retina is blurred |
hyperopia
|
|
what is the treatment for hyperopia
|
convex or plus lens in front of eye
- lens supplies the magnifying poerr eye lacks |
|
- lens loses elasticity
- difficulty focusing on near objects |
presbyopia
|
|
- corneal curvature not spherical
- rays of light are bent uneually by cornea in all directions - point of focus cannot be attained - poor vision for both far and near |
astigmatism
|
|
what is the treatment for astigmatism
|
corrective lenses
- refractive surgery |
|
what is the complication of corrective surgery for astigmatism
|
ulcerative keratitis (infection of the cornea)
|
|
what are some nursing care for outpt postop
|
- eye protection to prevent dry eyes
- steroid drops - antimicrobial eye drops - analgesics |
|
what is a common complication of eye surgery
|
- slightly increased tearing
- mild discomfort - vision waxes and wanes |
|
- one of the leading causes of blindness in older adults; increases with age
- blue rays of spectrum accelerated - usually bilateral and progressive |
Age Related Macular Degeneration
|
|
- 70-80% of AMD
- nonvascular - characterized by atrophy and degeneration of outer retina and underlying structures |
dry nonexudate AMD
|
|
what do you see on fundoscopy with dry nonexudate AMD
|
- yellow round spots (drusen bodies, subretinal hyaline deposits)
- may be seen on retina and macula |
|
- 20-30% of AMD, but 90% of AMD legal blindness
- Bruch's membrane becomes compromised - can cause bleeding within and beneath the retina |
wet exudate AMD
|
|
- serous fluid leaks from choroid with accompanying proliferation of choroidal blood vessels
|
wet exudate AMD
|
|
c/o wavy lines, distorted central vision, blind areas, decreased color perception
- per funduscopy, dome-shaped retinal pigment epithelium |
wet AMD
|
|
-metamorphasia
- scotoma |
- distorted central vision
- blind areas |
|
- groups of ocular disorders characterized by increased IOP
- optic nerve atrophy - visual field loss (peripheral vision) |
glaucoma
|
|
what are the risk factors for glaucoma
|
- black
- htn - cvd - dm - obesity - chronic use of corticosteroids - family hx - dark env (pupils dilated) |
|
what are the classifications of glaucoma
|
- primary/ secondary
- acute. chronic - open angle or closed - normal or low tension - congenital |
|
describes the angle and width between cornea and iris
|
angle
|
|
what is the most common glaucoma
|
open angle
- 90% primary |
|
what type of lens is needed for hyperopnia
|
convex or plus lens in front of eye; lens supplies the magnifying power eye lacks
|
|
what type of lens is needed for myopia
|
concave or minus lens used to focus rays on eye
|
|
what type of lens is needed for hyperopnia
|
convex or plus lens in front of eye; lens supplies the magnifying power eye lacks
|
|
what type of lens is needed for myopia
|
concave or minus lens used to focus rays on eye
|
|
what type of corrective lenses are used to correct astigmatism
|
cylindrical
|
|
true or false AMD is usually bilateral & progressive
|
true
|
|
what visual field is lost with glaucoma
|
peripheral
|
|
what is atrophied with glaucoma
|
optic nerve
|
|
what is atrophied with dry AMD
|
retina
|
|
why are dark environments considered a risk factor for glaucoma
|
because the pupils remain dilated
|
|
which glaucoma is primary, multifactorial disorder that’s often genetically determined
and chronic |
open angle
|
|
what is the most common cause for open angle glaucoma
|
degenerative change in trabecular network, resulting in decreased outflow of aqueous humor
|
|
what is the normal range of IOP
|
12-22
|
|
tunnel vision
persistent dull brow pain difficult adjustment to dark failure to detect color change disc cupping |
open angle
|
|
what is IOP for open angle
|
>24
|
|
scotoma
|
blind spot
|
|
what disposes one to closed angle
|
anatomically narrow anterior chamber angle
|
|
which glaucoma affects OU
|
open angle
|
|
what is IOP for closed angle
|
>50
|
|
what is the difference between normal tension and open angle
|
optic nerve is damaged even though IOP is NOT high & no one knows why
|
|
what are some risk factors for normal angle glaucoma
|
family hx, Japanese origin, systemic heart disease
|
|
what are some causes of secondary glaucoma
|
- edema
- , injury [hyphema], - inflammation or infection, - tumor, - advanced cataract, - diabetes |
|
when is IOP at its highest
|
- in the morning
- when lying down - when dark, pupils dilated |
|
what happens when IOP is too high
|
inhibits blood supply to optic nerve & retina
tissues become ischemic tissues lose function, i. e., vision individual response to IOP varies |
|
what agents are contraindicated for glaucoma and why
|
mydriatics and cycloplegics because they dilate pupils, dilated pupils restricts outflow of aqeus humor
|