Seed Plants

Front 1

phloem

Back 1

vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants

Front 2

xylem

Back 2

vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in some plants

Front 3

pollen

Back 3

tiny particles (male gametophytes) produced by seed plants that contain the cells that later become sperm cells

Front 4

seed

Back 4

plant structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering

Front 5

embryo

Back 5

young organism that develops from a zygote

Front 6

cotyledon

Back 6

a seed leaf; sometimes stores food

Front 7

germination

Back 7

the sprouting of the embryo out of a seed; occurs when the embryo resumes its growth

Front 8

root cap

Back 8

a structure that covers the tip of a root, protecting the root from injury

Front 9

cambium

Back 9

a layer of cells in a plant that produces new pholem and xylem cells

Front 10

stomata

Back 10

the small openings on the surfaces of most leaves through which gases can move

Front 11

transpiration

Back 11

the process by which water vapor is lost through a plant's leaves

Front 12

gymnosperm

Back 12

a plant that produces seeds that are not enclosed by a protective fruit

Front 13

cone

Back 13

the reproductive structure of a gymnosperm

Front 14

ovule

Back 14

a plant structure in seed plants that produces the female gametophyte; contains an egg cell

Front 15

pollination

Back 15

the transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive sturctures in plants

Front 16

angiosperm

Back 16

a flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in a protective structure

Front 17

flower

Back 17

the reproductive structure of an angiosperm

Front 18

sepal

Back 18

a leaflike structure that encloses the bud of a flower

Front 19

petal

Back 19

a colorful, leaflike structure of some flowers

Front 20

stamen

Back 20

the male reproductive part of a flower

Front 21

pistil

Back 21

the female reproductive part of a flower

Front 22

ovary

Back 22

a flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop

Front 23

fruit

Back 23

the ripened ovary and other structures of an angiosperm that enclose one or more seeds

Front 24

monocot

Back 24

an angiosperm that has only one seed leaf

Front 25

dicot

Back 25

an angiosperm that has two seed leaves

Front 26

tropism

Back 26

the growth response of a plant toward or away from a stimulus

Front 27

hormone

Back 27

a chemical that affects growth and development

Front 28

auxin

Back 28

a plant hormone that speeds up the rate of growth of plant cells

Front 29

photoperiodism

Back 29

a plant's response to seasonal changes in the length of night and day

Front 30

dormancy

Back 30

a period when an organism's growth or activity stops

Front 31

fibrous roots

Back 31

a root system that consists of many similarly sized roots that form a dense, tangled mass

Front 32

taproot

Back 32

a root system that consists of one long thick main root that goes deep into the ground

Front 33

root hairs

Back 33

tiny hairs that reach into the ground and absorb water

Front 34

herbaceous stem

Back 34

soft green stems with vascular bundles

Front 35

woody stem

Back 35

hard rigid stems that have vascular tissue in rings

Front 36

photosynthesis

Back 36

the process by which plants capture and use light energy to make food from carbon dioxide and water

Front 37

tissue

Back 37

a group of cells that perform a specific function in an organism

Front 38

chloroplast

Back 38

a plant cell organelle in which photosynthesis occurs, it contains chlorophyll

Front 39

vacuole

Back 39

a large sac-like storage area in a cell

Front 40

cuticle

Back 40

the waxy waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of most plants

Front 41

vascular tissue

Back 41

the internal transporting tissue in some plants that is made up of tubelike structures

Front 42

fertilization

Back 42

the joining of the sperm and egg cells to form a new organism

Front 43

zygote

Back 43

a fertilized egg

Front 44

nonvascular plant

Back 44

a low growing plant that lacks true vascular tissue

Front 45

vascular plant

Back 45

a plant that has true vascular tissue

Front 46

chlorophyll

Back 46

a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria use in the process of photosynthesis

Front 47

sporophyte

Back 47

the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces spores

Front 48

gametophyte

Back 48

the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes, or sex cells

Front 49

rhizoid

Back 49

a thin rootlike structure that anchors a moss and absorbs water and nutrients for the plant

Front 50

bog

Back 50

a wetland where sphagnum moss grows on top of acidic water

Front 51

peat

Back 51

compressed layer of dead sphagnum mosses that accumulate in bogs

Front 52

frond

Back 52

the leaf of a fern plant

Front 53

cellulose

Back 53

tough rigid starch that forms cell walls in plants

Front 54

glucose

Back 54

sugar formed during the process of photosynthesis

Front 55

meiosis

Back 55

the process of cutting the chromosome number in half in the sporophyte stage of plants

Front 56

mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Back 56

examples of nonvascular plants

Front 57

ferns, club mosses, horsetails

Back 57

examples of simple vascular plants

Front 58

scouring rushes

Back 58

horsetails used by pioneers to wash pots and pans

Front 59

5 things that plants must do to survive on land

Back 59

obtain water, retain water, transport materials, support, reproduction

Front 60

autotroph

Back 60

organisms that make their own food

Front 61

multicellular

Back 61

made of more than one cell