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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Matter
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Anything that has mass & occupies space
1) Pure Substances > Elements & Compounds 2) Mixtures > Solutions, Mechanical Mixtures, Suspensions, Colloids |
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2 Properties of Matter
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1) PHYSICAL: ex. color, shine, melting/boiling/freezing temp., density, hardness, solubility, conductivity
2) CHEMICAL: describes how a substance interacts with other substances |
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ELEMENTS
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-Matter that can't be broken down into simpler substances
-Contains only 1 atom ex. Kr, Ca, H, Fe |
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COMPOUNDS
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Substance formed by 2 or more elements chemically fixed in proportion
ex. H2O = 2 atoms of Hydrogen + 1 atom of Oxygen |
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Physical Change
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-REVERSIBLE
-Its state may be different but its chemical composition is the same ex. ice cream melting |
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Identifying Physical Change
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-Can you change it back?
-Can you refreeze or melt the product again? |
🍨🍦🍧
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Chemical Change
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-The new substance formed is completely different from the original reactants
ex. beating/frying eggs |
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Identifying Chemical Change
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-Change in color
-Change in odor -Formation of a solid or gas -Release or absorption of energy in the light & heat |
🍳🍳
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Order of Evolving Theories of Matter
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1. Stone Age Chemists (CAVEMEN)
2. Egyptians (6000 -1000 BC / GOLD) 3. Hittites (1200 BC / IRON + CARBON = STEEL!) 4. Democritus (400 BC / SMART GUY) 5. Aristotle (350 BC / WRONG GUY) 6. Alchemist (Lab Tools) 7. Robert Boyle (1600 / Supported Democritus' particle theory) 8. Antoine Lavoisier (1770: Father of Modern Chemistry |
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John Dalton (English Scientist)
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•1808
-Created the Billiard Ball Model |
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Billiard Ball Model
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-All matter is composed of an indivisible particle called an atom
(all matter is composed of an atom) -Change: DISCOVERY OF ELECTRONS in 1897 |
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J.J Thomson (British Physicist)
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-In 1897
-Proposed RAISIN BUN MODEL •1st to identify a subatomic particle (smaller than an atom) •Used rays to produce streams of negatively charged particles (ELECTRONS) •Electrons scattered through (+) sphere ➡ NUCLEUS -Change: Electrons outside the nucleus |
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Hantara Nagaoka (Japanese Physicist)
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•1904
-Created the Nagaoka Model •Model resembled the planet Saturn •A massive positive sphere with an orbiting ring of electrons Change: Nucleus not massive but small and dense + Electrons were not so closely connected to nucleus |
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Ernest Rutherford (British Scientist)
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In 1907
-Proposed the RUTHERFORD MODEL •His model suggest that atoms were empty spaces with positive particles could pass through with a positive central core (nucleus) -Change: Electron orbits were not random |
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Niehls Bohr
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•1913
-Created the Bohr Model -Subjected that electrons move in specific circular orbits (electron shells) & they jumped between shells by gaining or losing energy |
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James Chadwick (British Physicist)
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-Discovered that the nucleus contains protons [(+) charge] & neutrons (no charge)
-Electrons has a mass of 1/1837 of either a proton or neutron |
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Quantum Theory ⚡☁⚡
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-Electrons exist in a charged cloud around the nucleus
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Jons Berzelius (Swedish Chemist)
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-In 1814
-Used the 1st letter (capitalized) of the element name as the symbol ex. Hydrogen = H |
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John Newlands (English Chemist)
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In 1864
-Recognized a pattern when elements were listed by increasing atomic mass |
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Dmitri Mendeleev (Russian Chemist)
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-(&Card player)
-In 1869 -Organized elements according to patterns in the properties of the elements -He did this without even knowing what an atom was made of ! |
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# of Elements Today
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-There are 118
THERESSSS HYDROGEN AND HELIUM, LYTHIUM, BERYLLIUM .... |
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How Today's Periodic Table is Organized
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Periods = Across
Groups = Down (Family) / 18 vertical columns To the left, to the left = Metals (more chemically reactive) Right = Non-metals |
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Elemental Box
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-Atomic Number (indicates # of protons or electrons)
-Atomic Mass (total mass of all protons & neutrons in nucleus) |
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Calculating Number of Neutrons
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Atomic mass minus Atomic number
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(QUIZ QUESTION!) Which of the five scientists did most of his work in Canada?
A. Rutherford B. Nagaoka C. Thomson D. Chadwick |
A. Rutherford
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WHMIS
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Workplace Hazardous Material Information System
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