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85 Cards in this Set
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- Back
A hypothetically indestructable, uncreatable, highly elastic, self-repellent, all-pervading fluid formerly thought responsible for the production, possession, and transfer of heat.
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Calorie
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A theory that defined thermal energy as a substance that flowed from hot bodies into cold bodies
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Caloric theory of thermal energy
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1000 of these equals a kilocalorie.
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Calorie
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The amount of thermal energy required to increase the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree C.
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calorie (cal)
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The flow of thermal energy from an object to another object through contact.
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Conduction
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Any substance that will allow the flow of thermal energy; in electricity, a substance that holds its valence electrons loosely, allowing the flow of electricity.
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Conductors
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The flow of thermal energy from one place to another by the movement of particles.
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Convection
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A mass of moving particles that carries thermal energy.
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Convection current
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A unit of temperature.
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Degree
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The amount of disorder and randomness in a system; unusable energy.
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entropy
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The kinetic energy present within the particles of matter; the transfer of thermal energy.
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Heat
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The amount of thermal energy needed to change a substance from its solid phase to its liquid phase.
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Heat of fusion
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The amount of thermal energy needed to change a substance from its liquid phase to its gaseous phase.
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Heat of vaporization
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A substance that does not conduct electricity or heat very well.
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Insulators
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1000 calories of a "big" calorie = Calorie
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kilocalorie (kcal)
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The energy of motion.
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Kinetic energy
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Identifies thermal energy of an object with the motion of its particles.
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Kinetic theory of thermal energy
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The transport of thermal energy without the use of matter.
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Radiation
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A measurement of the insulating ability of a substance.
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R-value
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The amount of thermal energy in calories needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1 degree C.
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Specific heat
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The measure of the average kinetic energy in a material
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Temperature
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The total energy of the particles in an object related to the motion of the molecules or ions in matter.
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Thermal energy
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If an object with a higher temperature comes in contact with a lower temperature object, it will transfer heat to the lower temperature object. The objects will approach the same temperature, and in the absence of loss to other objects, they will maintain a single constant temperature.
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Thermal equilibrium
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Increase in the volume of a substance caused by the addition of thermal energy.
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Thermal expansion
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The branch of physics that deals with thermal energy.
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Thermodynamics
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The transfer of thermal energy is also called _________.
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Heat
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The kinetic theory of thermal energy identifies the thermal energy of an object with the _______ of its __________.
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motion of its particles
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The faster the molecules move, the higher the substance's _________.
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temperature
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273 K is ________ degree C or _________ degree F.
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0 degree C or 32 degree F
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Explain the difference between temperature and thermal energy.
a. Temperature measures the _________ kinetic energy of an object's particles. b. Thermal energy measures the ______ energy of the particles in an object. |
average
total |
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What are the units for Thermal energy?
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joules
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The definition of a calorie is: the amount of thermal energy which (raises/lowers) the temperature of ____ of water _______
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raises the temp of 1g of water 1 degree C.
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The definition of the kilocalorie is the amount of thermal energy which (raises/lowers) the temperature of _____ of water _________.
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raises the temp of 1kg of water 1 degree C.
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Every person needs a certain amount of calories to maintain good health and weight. Assume Bob's daily requirements are 2000 Calories. What will happen to Bob if he eats less than that amount? What will happen to Bob if he eats more than that amount?
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If he eats less, he will loose weight, if he eats more, he will gain weight.
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The units for temperature are (joules/calories/Calories/degrees)
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degrees
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Thermal energy's units are (joules/calories/newtons/degrees)
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joules or calories
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When two objects at different temperatures touch each other, heat flows from the hotter object to the cooler one. This is called (conduction/radiation/convection)
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conduction
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When the average kinetic energy (temperature) of the particles of both objects become equal, conduction stops and _________ __________ is reached.
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thermal equilibrium
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Conduction is the main method of heat flow in (solids/liquids/gases)
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solids
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When moving particles transfer thermal energy from one place to another it is called (conduction/radiation/convection)
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convection
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The __________ theory of thermal energy identifies the thermal energy of an object with the ______ of its _________.
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kinetic; movement of its particles.
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Solids which conduct heat easily are called _________ ________.
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thermal conductors
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Substances which do not conduct heat easily are called _____ _________.
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thermal insulators.
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What is heat?
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the transfer of thermal energy; the Kinetic Energy present with in the particles of matter
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The ________ theory of thermal energy held that thermal energy is a weightless, invisible fluid.
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Caloric
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The _____ theory of thermal energy identifies the thermal energy of an object with the motion of its particles.
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kinetic
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(True/False) All molecules at temperatures above absolute zero are in a continual state of motion.
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True
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The sum total of all this microscopic-scale randomized kinetic energy within a body is given a special name, ________.
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Thermal energy
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We use ________ to measure "hotness" and "coldness".
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temperature
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In the centigrade scale of temperature, water freezes at ____ degrees and boils at _____.
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0 and 100
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In the Kelvin scale of temperature, water freezes at ____ K.
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273
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In the Fahrenheit scale of temperature water boils at ____ degrees.
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212
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Which contains the most thermal energy (a ton of molten copper/a Greenland glacier)
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a Greenland glacier
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Which possesses particles with the highest average kinetic energy? A ton of molten copper or a Greenland glacier?
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molten copper
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(T/F) Thermal energy is independent of the mass of an object.
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F
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(T/F) Thermal energy is measured in degrees.
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F
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(T/F) The joule and the calorie are both measures of energy.
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T
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(T/F) The calorie is the SI unit for (thermal) energy.
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F
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(T/F) Thermal energy of food is actually potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of the food molecules.
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T
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(T/F) Heat can travel from a cold object to a hot object.
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F
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List three mechanisms by which heat travels from one object to another.
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Conduction, Convection, Radiation
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(T/F) Conduction can take place from one body to another, provided the two bodies are in contact and a temperature difference exists between them.
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T
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(T/F) Porous materials are good heat conductors due to the presence of air within them.
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F
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(T/F) Gases are good insulators.
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T
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List three good insulating materials.
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Wool, air, Styrofoam
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(T/F) A higher R-value means a material is a better conductor of heat.
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F
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(T/F) Convection is the main mechanism for thermal transfer in solids.
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F
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(T/F) Convection of air masses is responsible for weather.
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T
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(T/F) Radiation can take place in a vacuum.
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T
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(T/F) Absorbed light energy, re-radiated as infrared radiation, is the primary source of atmospheric heat from the sun.
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T
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(T/F) Dark objects are generally very good reflectors of solar radiation.
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F
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_________ is the branch of physics that deals specifically with the transformation of thermal energy into other forms of energy and into work.
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thermodynamics
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(T/F) Complete transformation of heat into other forms of energy is impossible.
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T
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(T/F) A transfer of energy to or from a system by any means other than heat is called "work".
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T
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(T/F) The Second Law of Thermodynamics specifies that the complete conversion of heat into work is impossible.
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T
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(T/F) A kcal of thermal energy can raise the temperature of any substance 1 degree C.
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F
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(T/F) Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance 1 degree C.
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T
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(T/F) In comparison to glass and iron, water has a relatively high specific heat.
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True
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(T/F) Latent "invisible" heat is the thermal energy released or absorbed during a change of state.
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T
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_______________ is the amount of thermal energy needed to change a substance from its solid phase to its liquid phase.
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Latent heat of fusion
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____________ is the amount of thermal energy needed to change a substance from its liquid phase to its gaseous phase.
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Latent heat of vaporization
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Explain how a vacuum flask can keep my coffee warm by reducing all three modes of heat transfer.
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The flask consists of an insulated outer container containing the inner vacuum flask, which essentially consists of a double walled glass vessel, with an evacuated space between the walls. This reduces conduction through the vessel wall. The inner walls of the flask are coated with a thin layer of silver, acting as a mirror which reduces heat, thus reducing losses by radiation. The stopper reduces losses by convection.
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For water, which is larger the latent heat of fusion or the latent heat of vaporization?
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the latent heat of vaporization
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(T/F) formation of ice absorbs heat energy.
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F
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(T/F) Condensation of steam into water releases heat energy.
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T
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