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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Adipose |
Fatty tissue throughout the body. |
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Ambilateral |
Pertaining to both sides. |
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Anatomy |
Literally means to cut up; the study of the structure of an organism such as humans. |
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Android |
To resemble man. |
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Anterior |
In front of, before. |
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Apex |
The pointed end of a cone-shaped structure. |
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Base |
The lower part or foundation of a structure. |
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Bilateral |
Pertaining to two sides. |
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Biology |
The study of life. |
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Caudal |
Pertaining to the tail. |
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Center |
The midpoint of a body or activity. |
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Cephalad |
Toward the head. |
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Chromosome |
Microscopic bodies that carry the genes that determine hereditary characteristics. |
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Cilia |
Hair-like processes that project from epithelial cells'; they help propel mucus, dust particles, and other foreign substances from the respiratory tract. |
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Cytology |
The study of cells. |
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Deep |
Far down from the surface |
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Dehydrate |
To remove water away from the body. |
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Diffusion |
Process in which parts of a substance move from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration |
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Distal |
Farthest from the center or point of origin. |
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Dorsal |
Pertaining to the back side of the body |
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Ectogenous |
Pertaining to formation outside the organism or body. |
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Ectomorph |
A slender physical body form. |
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Endomorph |
A round physical body form. |
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Filtration |
The process of filtering or straining particles from a solution. |
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Gene |
The hereditary unit that transmits and determines one's characteristics or hereditary traits. |
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Histology |
The study of tissue. |
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Homeostasis |
The state of Equilibrium maintained in the body's internal environment. |
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Horizontal |
Pertaining to the horizon, of or near the horizon, lying flat, even, level. |
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Human Genome |
The complete set of genes and chromosomes tucked inside each of the body's trillions of cells. |
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Inferior |
Located below or in a downward direction. |
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Inguinal |
Pertaining to the groin, of or near the groin. |
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Internal |
Pertaining to within or the inside. |
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Karyogenesis |
Formation of a cell's nucleus. |
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Lateral |
Pertaining to the side. |
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Medial |
Pertaining to the middle or midline |
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Mesomorph |
a well-proportioned body form. |
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Organic |
Pertaining to an organ. |
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Pathology |
The study of disease. |
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Perfusion |
The process of pouring through. |
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Phenotype |
The physical appearance or type of makeup of an individual. |
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Physiology |
The study of the nature of living organisms. |
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Posterior |
Toward the back. |
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Protoplasm |
The essential matter of a living cell. |
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Proximal |
Nearest the center or point of origin, nearest the point of attachment. |
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Somatotrophic |
Pertaining to the stimulation of body growth. |
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Superficial |
Pertaining to the surface, on or near the surface. |
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Superior |
Located above or in an upward direction. |
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Systemic |
Pertaining to the body as a whole. |
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Topical |
Pertaining to a place, definite locale. |
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Unilateral |
Pertaining to one side. |
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Ventral |
Pertaining to the front side of the body, abdomen, belly surface. |
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Vertex |
The top or highest point, the top or crown of the head. |
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Visceral |
Pertaining to body organs enclosed within a cavity, especially abdominal organs. |
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abd |
abdomen, abdominal |
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A & P |
Anatomy and Physiology |
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AP |
Anteroposterior |
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CNS |
Central Nervous System |
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CV |
Cardiovascular |
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ER |
Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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GI |
Gastrointestinal |
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LAT, lat |
Lateral |
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LLQ |
Left Lower Quadrant |
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LUQ |
Left Upper Quadrant |
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PA |
Posteroanterior |
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resp |
respiratory |
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RLQ |
right lower quadrant |
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RUQ |
right upper quadrant |
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Right hypochondriac |
upper right region at the level of the ninth rib cartilage. |
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Left hypochondriac |
upper left region at the level of the ninth rib cartilage. |
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Epigastric |
region over the stomach |
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Right lumbar |
right middle lateral region. |
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Left lumbar |
left middle lateral region |
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Umbilical |
in the center, between the right and left lumbar region; at the navel. |
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Right iliac (inguinal) |
right lower lateral region |
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Left iliac (inguinal) |
left lower lateral region. |
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Hypogastric |
lower middle region below the navel. |
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Cell membrane |
The outer covering of the cell. Have the capability of allowing some substances to pass into and out of the cell while denying passage to other substances. This selectivity allows cells to receive nutrition and dispose of waste just as the human being eats food and disposes of waste. |
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Protoplasm |
The substance within the cell membrane. Is composed of cytoplasm and karyoplasm. |
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Karyoplasm |
Enclosed by its own membrane, is the substance of the cell's nucleus and contains the genetic matter necessary for cell reproduction as well as control over activity within the cell's cytoplasm. |
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Cytoplasm |
All protoplasm outside the nucleus. Provides storage and work areas for the cell. - organelles - endoplasmic reticulum - ribosomes - Golgi apparatus - Mitochondria - lysosomes - Centrioles |
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Tissue |
A grouping of similar cells that together perform specialized functions. - Epithelial - connective - Muscle - Nerve |
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Epithelial tissue |
appears as sheet-like arrangements of cells, sometimes several layers thick, that form the outer layer of the skin, cover the surfaces of organs, line the walls of cavities and form tubes, ducts, and portions of certain glands. The functions of epithelial tissues are protection, absorption, secretion, and excretion. |
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Connective tissue |
The most widespread and abundant of the body tissues, forms the supporting network for the organs of the body, sheaths the muscles, and connects muscles to bones and bones to joints. Bone is a dense form of connective tissue. |
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Muscle tissue |
three types |
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Voluntary or striated muscle |
controlled by the person's will. |
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Cardiac muscle |
specialized form of striated tissue under the control of the autonomic nervous system. |
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Involuntary or smooth muscles |
Also controlled by the autonomic nervous system. |
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Nerve tissue |
consists of nerve cells (neurons) and interstitial tissue. Has properties of ecvitability and conductivity, and functions to control and coordinate the activities of the body. |
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Organs |
Tissues serving a common purpose or function make up structures. Specialized components of the body such as the brain, skin, or heart. |
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Systems |
a group of organs functioning together for a common purpose. The various body systems function in support of the body as a whole. |
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Integumentary system |
protective membrane, temperature regulator, and sensory receptor. |
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Skeletal System |
Framework and movement: shape, support, protection, and storage place for minerals. Movement is made possible through joints. |
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Muscular system |
Framework and movement: muscles produce movement, maintain posture, and produce heat. |
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Nervous system |
Communication and control: The nervous system transmits impulses, responds to change, is responsible for communication, and exercises control over all parts of the body. |
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Endocrine system |
Glands of the endocrine system produce hormones, chemical messengers, that provide for communication and control over various parts of the body. |
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Cardiovascular system |
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, delivers nutrients and hormones and removes waste products. |
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Blood and the Lymphatic system |
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, chemical substances and cells that act to protect the body from foreign substances. The lymphatic system stimulates immune response, protects the body, and transports proteins and fluids. |
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Respiratory system |
furnishes oxygen for use by individual tissue cells and removes their gaseous waste product, carbon dioxide. |
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Digestive system |
digestion, absorption, and elimination. |
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Urinary system |
produces urine, transports urine and eliminates urine. The kidneys help maintain electrolyte, water, and acid-base balance of the body. |
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Reproductive system |
responsible for sexual characteristics of the male and/or female. proper functioning ensures survival of the human race. |
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Midsagittal plane |
vertically divides the body as it passes through the midline to form a right and left half. |
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Transverse or horizontal plane |
is any plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions. |
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Coronal or frontal plane |
any plane that divides the body at right angles to the midsagittal place. The coronal plane divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior. |
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Cavity |
a hollow space containing body organs. |
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Ventral cavity |
hollow portion of the human torso extending from the neck to the pelvis and containing the heart and the organs or respiration, digestion, reproduction, and elimination. |
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Thoracic cavity |
the area of the chest containing the heart and the lungs. Contains the pericardial and pleural cavities. Also contains the esophagus, trachea, thymus, and certain large blood and lymph vessels. |
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Pericardial cavity |
contains the heart. |
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Pleural cavity |
contains the lungs |
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Abdominal cavity |
the space below the diaphragm, commonly referred to as the belly. Contains the kidneys, stomach, intestines, and other organs of digestion. |
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Pelvic cavity |
the space formed by the bones of the pelvic area and contains the organs of reproduction and elimination. |
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Dorsal cavity |
contains the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity. |
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Cranial Cavity |
space in the skull containing the brain. |
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Spinal cavity |
space within the bony spinal column that contains the spinal cord and spinal fluid. |
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Abdominopelvic cavity |
divided into nine regions. |
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Cell membrane |
protects the cell; provides for communication via receptor proteins; surface proteins serve as positive identification tags; allow some substances to pass into and out of the cell while denying passage to other substances; this selectivity allows cells to receive nutrition and dispose of waste. |
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Ribosomes |
make enzymes and other proteins; nicknamed "protein factories" |
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Endoplasmic reticulum |
carries proteins and other substances through the cytoplasm. |
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Golgi apparatus |
chemically processes the molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum, then packages them into vesicles; nicknamed "chemical processing and packaging center" |
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Mitochondria |
Complex, energy-releasing chemical reactions occur continuously; nicknamed "power plants" |
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Lysosomes |
contain enzymes that can digest food compounds; nicknamed "digestive bags" |
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Centrioles |
play an important role in cell reporduction |
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Flagellum |
"tail" of the sperm that makes it possible for the sperm to "swim" or move toward the ovum. |
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Nucleus (cell)
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Controls every organelle (little organ) in the cytoplasm; contains the genetic matter necessary for cell reproduction as well as control over activity within the cell's cytoplasm.
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Atom |
the smallest chemical unit of matter. Consists of a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons and is surrounded by electrons. |
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Nucleus (atom) |
at the center of the atom. |
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proton |
positively charged particle. |
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Neutron |
without an electrical charge. |
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electron |
negatively charged particle that revolves about the nucleus of an atom. |
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Chemical elements |
made up of atoms. |
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element |
a substance that cannot be separated into substances different from itself by ordinary chemical means. the basic component of which all matter is composed. there are at least 105 different chemical elements that have been identified. |
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Elements found in the body |
aluminum, carbon, calcium, chlorine, cobalt, copper, fluorine, hydrogen, iodine, iron, manganese, magnesium, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfur, and zinc. |
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Al |
Aluminum, 13 |
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C |
carbon, 6 |
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Ca |
calcium, 20 |
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Cl |
chlorine, 17 |
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Co |
cobalt, 27 |
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Cu |
copper, 29 |
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F |
fluorine, 9 |
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H |
hydrogen, 1 |
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I |
iodine, 53 |
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Fe |
Iron, 26 |
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Mn |
manganese, 25 |
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Mg |
magnesium, 12 |
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N |
nitrogen, 7 |
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O |
Oxygen, 8 |
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P |
phosphorus, 15 |
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K |
potassium,, 19 |
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Na |
Sodium, 11 |
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S |
sulphur, 16 |
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Zn |
zinc, 30 |
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Therapeutic use |
used in the treatment of a disease or condition, such as an allergy, to relieve the symptoms or to sustain the patient until other measures are instituted.
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Diagnostic use |
Certain drugs are used in conjunction with radiology to allow the physician to pinpoint the location of a disease process. |
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Curative use |
certain drugs, such as antibiotics, kill or remove the causative agent of a disease. |
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Replacement use |
certain drugs, such as hormones and vitamins, are used to replace substances normally found in the body. |
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Preventative or Prophylactic use |
certain drugs, such as immunizing agents, are used to ward off or lessen the severity of a disease. |
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Drug names |
most drugs may be cited by their chemical, generic, and trade or brand (proprietary) name. The chemical name is usually the formula that denotes the composition of the drug. It is made up of letters and numbers that represent the drug's molecular structure. |
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Undesireable action of drugs |
most drugs have the potential for causing an action other than their intended action - side effect. An adverse reaction is an unfavorable or harmful unintended action of a drug. A drug interaction may occur when one drug potentiates or diminishes the action of another drug. |
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Medication order and dosage |
given for a specific patient and denotes the name of the drug, the dosage, the form of the drug, the time for or frequency of administration, and the route by which the drug is to be given. |