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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The order in which oxygen passes from the environment through the respiratory system is |
Nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs |
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What substance reduces surface tension and prevents the alveoli from collapsing? |
Surfactant |
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The respiratory membrane serves an important function. It: |
Separates the air in the alveoli from the blood in surrounding capillaries |
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True or False:The respiratory mucosa is composed of pseudostratified ciliated epithelium |
True |
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What is the respiratory tract composed of? |
Ciliated mucous membrane |
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What is included in the conducting system of the respiratory system? |
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchii, bronchiole and terminal bronchioles |
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What is included in the respiratory portion of the respiratory system? |
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli |
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What is another term for inhalation? |
Inspiration |
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What is another term for exhalation? |
Expiration |
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Explain how inhalation occurs? |
Occurs when air moves from the atmosphere of high pressure into the lower pressure of the lungs (lung volume increases and pressure in lungs decreases) |
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Explain how exhalation occurs |
Occurs when air rushes down the pressure gradient and outside the body (volume decreases and pressure in lungs increases) |
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How does exhalation occur? |
When the diaphragm pushes against the lungs, which causes air pressure in the lungs to increase so that it is higher than the air pressure in the atmosphere |
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What is tidal volume? |
The amount of air involved in one normal inhalation and exhalation |
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What does IRV stand for? |
Inspiration Reserve Volume |
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What is IRV? |
Inhale a normal volume of air, now inhale even more |
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What does ERV stand for? |
Expiratory Reserve Volume |
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What is ERV? |
Exhale a normal amount of air, now exhale as much as you can. |
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What is residual volume? |
The amount of air that remains in the lungs after a forceful exhalation |
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Describe the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during external respiration? |
Exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the capillary blood in the lungs |
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Describe the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during internal respiration? |
Exchange of gases between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the cells of the body |
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Where are central chemoreceptors located? |
In the medulla |
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What do the central chemorecptors do? |
Respond to changes in hydrogen ions or carbon dioxide |
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What are peripheral chemoreceptors sensitive to? |
Low concentrations of O2 and increased levels of hydrogen ions |
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Describe how blood transports oxygen and CO2 |
Transports them either as solutes or combined with other chemicals. |
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What other compounds can oxygen and CO2 be chemically bonded with to better aid in transport? |
Hemoglobin, plasma protein, or water |
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What is the primary gas transport molecule of the blood? |
Hemoglobin |
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What are the alveoli coated in that prevents them from collapsing during gas exchange? |
Surfactant |
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The opening of the larynx is partially covered by what? |
Epiglottis |
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What are the two basic functions of the respiratory system? |
Air distribution and gas exchange |
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Gas exchange occurs in the? |
Alveoli |
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How many lobs in total for both lungs? |
5 |
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How many lobes in each lung? |
Left has 2 and cardiac notch, right has 3 |
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What are the accessory structures of the respiratory system? |
Oral cavity, rib cage, and things such as the intercostals and the diaphragm. |