Respiratory System

Front 1

conchae

Back 1

folds of tissue on lateral wall of nasal fossa. Muscous membranes supported by thin scroll like turbinate bones

Front 2

meatuses

Back 2

narrow air passage beneath each concha. narrowness and turbulence ensure air contacts mucous membranes

Front 3

pharynx

Back 3

passage between nose mouth and larynx

Front 4

larynx

Back 4

passage for air between pharynx and lower respiratory path

Front 5

nine cartilages of larynx

Back 5

epiglottic

thyroid

cricoid

arytenoid

corniculate

cuneiform

Front 6

trachea

Back 6

passage for air between thorax and exterior.

from below larynx to carina (transverse thoracic plane T4/5)

C shaped cartilages anteriorly

trachealis muscle posteriorly

Front 7

Surface anatomy > rounded apex, costal, diaphragmatic, and mediastinal surfaces. Right Lung: 3 lobes. Left lung: 2 lobes

Back 7

Front 8

fisures in lung indentation and arteries/veins RIGHT LUNG

Back 8

Front 9

LEFT LUNG

Back 9

Front 10

parietal Pleura

Back 10

Lines the pulmonary cavity has cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, and mediastinal parts

Front 11

viceral pleura

Back 11

covers surface of lung. below parietal. Visceral and parietal pleura are continuous at lung root/hilum

Front 12

pulmonary ligament

Back 12

sleeve of pleura hanging down below lung root

Front 13

respiratory movements

Back 13

Anterior Posterior: sternum moves and terior and superiorly

laterial. Lower ribs move laterally

vertical : diaphragm descends

Front 14

Inspiration: muscles involved

Back 14

diaphragm: dome shaped (contraction flattens diaphragm

scalenes; fix first pari of ribs

external intercostals: elevate 2-12 pairs

Pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid, erector spinae muscles: deep inspiration

Front 15

passive expiration

Back 15

volume of thoracic cavity decreases intrapulmonary pressure increases and air is expelled

after inspiration phrenic nerves stimulate diaphragm to produce braking action to elastic recoil

Front 16

forced expiration

Back 16

internal intercostal muscles: depress ribs

contract abdominal muslces to increase intra abdominal pressure and force diaphragm upward increasing pressure on thoracic cavity

Front 17

pneumothorax

Back 17

presence of air in pleural cavity.

loss of negative intrapleural pressure allows lungs to recoil and collapse

Front 18

atelectasis

Back 18

collapse of lung or part of lung

Front 19

haemothorax

Back 19

presence of blood in pleural cavity

Front 20

hydrothorax

Back 20

presence of fluid in pleural cavity