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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the functions of the respiratory system? |
direct air from environment into the body and resp surfaces involved in gas exchange |
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a long, narrow and curled bone shelf (shaped like an elongated sea-shell) that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose.
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turbinates/nasal concha
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What part of the brain controls respiration?
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cerebral cortex, medulla and pons
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lymphoid tissue
pharyngeal tonsils |
adenoids
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Name the divisions of the pharynx.
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nasopharynx
oropharynx (food/air) laryngopharynx |
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Where are the olfactory receptors located?
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superior region of nasal cavity
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What is phonation and articulation
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d
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How many lobes does each lung have?
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3 on right
2 on left |
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at rest breathing
500ml air per breath |
tidal volume
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How is carbon dioxide transported? |
by hemoglobin as carbominohemoglobin, dissolved in plasma and as carbonic acid |
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Where is the “vital center” for control of breathing?
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cerebral cortex
limbic system possibly? |
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includes nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, pharynx |
upper resp tract |
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includes larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli |
lower resp tract |
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part of resp system that conducts air from atmosphere to lungs |
conducting part |
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part of resp system includes structures where gas exchange occurs, includes last part of bronchioles and distal structures |
respiratory part of resp system |
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made of hyaline cartilage, muscle, adipose tissue and skin. lined by mucous membrane. upper part made of bone, lower of cartilage
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Nose
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division of the nasal cavity, made of hyaline cartilage and bone, separated from nasal cavity by maxillary and palatine bones
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nasal septum;
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the hair here helps prevent larger particles from entering nasal cavity
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nostrils;
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nares; |
pair of nasal cavity openings
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4 paranasal sinuses; |
sphenoid maxillary ethmoid frontal |
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pharynx (3 parts); |
nasopharynx adenoids eustachian (auditory) tubes |
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voice box
connects pharynx to trachea cartilage w/ ligaments & muscles attached |
larynx; |
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located internally in larynx close to base of tongue, shaped like shoehorn. swallow moves it posteriorly to close larynx or glottis to prevent food from going into it |
epiglottis |
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shaped like a shield adams apple |
thyroid cartilage |
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ring-shaped inferiorly attached to cartilage of trachea |
cricoid |
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2 elastic ligaments extend between the thyroid cartilage and this feature and go across the glottis |
arytenoid cartilage |
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windpipetube that extends from cricoid to t5 vert where it branches in two (right/left primary bronchi) |
trachea;
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divide repeatedly to form smaller bronchi/bronchioles. divide into 3 on right, 2 on left.
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primary bronchi;
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larger spaces connected to bronchioles. opens into smaller champers.
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Alveolar ducts; |
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alveolar ducts open into these small champers
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alveoli |
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moves air in and out of lobes of lungs |
broncus |
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oily secretion
lubricates, reduces surface tension of liquid coating of the alveoli |
surfactant, |
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layer lining the outside of the lungs
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visceral pleura, |
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lines inner wall of thoracic cavity, diaphragm and mediastinum
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parietal pleura, |
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space between parietal and visceral pleura layers
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pleural cavity |
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double membrane (with a cavity inbetween) that surrounds lungs
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pleura |
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Absence of automatic breathing
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apnea;
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Lung disorder with attacks of breathing difficulty
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asthma;
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nosebleed
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epistaxis;
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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C.O.P.D.;
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Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane from lack of oxygen
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cyanosis;
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Shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing
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dyspnea;
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Defect of the lung system with destructive changes of the pouches where air exchange occurs
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emphysema;
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Highly contagious infection usually of the lungs caused by a virus and transmitted by airborne particles
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influenza;
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inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the voice box with swelling of vocal cords
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laryngitis;
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inflammation of the lining of the chest, breathlessness and stabbing pain
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pleurisy;
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Inflammation of the tissues that line the lungs and chest cavity.
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pleuritis;
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Inflammation of the lungs commonly caused by bacteria
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pneumonia;
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serious long term incurable blood disease
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sickle cell anemia;
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fast breathing
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tachypnea;
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volume of air a person can maximally breathe out after maximal inspiration |
vital capacity, |
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volume of air remaining in the lungs after expiration |
residual volume |
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5 expiration muscles |
internal intercostals rectus abdominus external oblique transversus abdominus internal oblique |
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8 inspiration muscles
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diaphragm external intercostals scm scalenes pec major pec minor trap serratus anterior |
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increase volume of throacic cavity/decrease abdominopelvic cavity |
diaphragm |
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raise ribs, incr vol of thoracic cavity |
external intercostals |
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flex neck turn head to opp side elevate clavical and sternum |
scm |
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flex neck elevate ribs |
scalenes |
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flex, adduct, med rotate humerus, elevate ribs |
pectoralis major |
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protracts, dpresses, lat rotates scapula, elevates ribs |
pec minor |
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elevation, depressions, adduction, rotate scapula, elevate clavical, extension of head and neck |
trapezius |
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protracts, abducts, med rotates scapula, elevate ribs |
serratus anterior |
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depress ribs decreasing volume of throacic cavity |
internal intercostals |
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flexes spine, depresses ribs |
rectus abdominus and external oblique |
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compresses abdomen |
transversus abdominus |
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flexes/bends spine, depresses ribs |
internal oblique |
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How is oxygen transported? |
oxygen in blood transported by hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin or is dissolved in plasma |