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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of records and reports that the Radiological control organization is responsible for maintaining |
1. employment history records 2. Personal radiological records 3. Medical records 4. radiological training and qualification records 5. instrumentation and calibration records 6. radiological control procedures |
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Radiological work permits |
To establish radiological controls for the intended work activities to inform workers of area logical conditions and requirements to worker exposure to these activities |
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Survey maps |
Results are documented on survey maps they contain; date time and purpose of the survey General and specific location of the survey name and signature of the surveyor |
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Analysis report |
When EDF may be used Do you document the analysis of an area to determine if our contamination surveys need to be performed in that area |
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CAR reports |
to provide a formal means whereby any company program deficiency may be reported analyze and corrected |
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ALARA documentation |
Records of action taken to maintain occupational exposures including faculty design and control measures. |
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Exposure reporting |
Individuals who are monitored by a personnel dosimetry program are provided with an annual report of their dose |
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Requirements for the records Management system |
1. Identification of the facility special location functions and processes 2. Signature of the preparer 3. deep legible entries in black ink 4. corrections identified by a single line out initialed and dated 5. supervisor signature to indicate review and proper completion of the forms |
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Records management ensure |
1. Auditability 2. retrievability 3. quality control |
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Good communication purpose |
To make sure our message is clear and understood and received a clear concise communication illuminate confusion and the possibility of misunderstanding |
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Communication types |
Verbal and non-verbal |
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Verbal communication examples |
Talking directly to another person, telephone conversations, voicemail, video teleconferencing |
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Nonverbal communication examples |
Signs, letters, signals, gestures, documents, and email |
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Different types of communication systems |
1. Public address 2.telephones 3. two way radios 4. computer mail systems |
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Public address system |
Systems consist of loud speakers and Calling station located throughout an area to provide audible notification too personal with in the area |
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Telephone systems |
Provide a mean for point to point communication |
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Two way radios |
Provides a direct link to other individuals on your frequency |
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Computer mail |
Provide communication between computer terminals |
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FCC & DOE guidelines regarding proper use of communication and systems |
1. Use profane language 2. Willfully Damage or permit radio equipment 3. damage or cause malicious interference with any radio communication intercept 4. use or publish the content of any radio message without permission 5. transmit without first making sure the transmission will not cause harmful interference 6. make any adjustments without licensing to a transmitter |
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General attributes of good communication |
1. Minimize the use of abbreviations and acronyms 2. Make all oral instructions clear and concise 3. ensure the identity of the person 4. repeat messages back 5. speak distinctly and deliberately 6. acknowledge all communication |
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The importance of knowing how to contact Key personnel |
The importance in getting the right knowledgeable people at the location they are needed |
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Communication systems available in the industry and methods available to contact key personnel |
1. Cell phones 2. telephones 3. email 4. voice paging 5. radios |
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Emergency communication systems available in the industry |
1. Faculty voice paging 2. radios 3. email 4. telephone 5. cell phones 6. sirens 7. alarms |
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Five general types of errors that can occur when analyzing radioactive samples |
1. Self-absorption 2. backscatter 3. resolving time 4. geometry 5. random disintegration of radioactive Adams |
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Describe self absorption |
When a sample has abnormally large amount of material on the sample media you could introduce a counting error of emitted radiation by the sample material itself |
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Describe backscatter |
Occurs when the Emitted radiation traveling away from the detector is reflected, or scattered back, to the detector by the material behind the sample |
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Resolving time |
The time interval that must elapse after detector pulse is counted and before another full-size can be counted any radiation entering the detector during this time will not be recorded as a full size pulse |
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Geometry errors |
Related accounting errors or result from the positioning of the sample in relation to the detector |
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Statistics |
A branch of mathematics that deals with organization, analysis, collection and interpretation of statistical data |
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The two purposes of statistical analysis count room |
1. Predict the inherent statistical uncertainty associated with a single measurement 2. serves as a check |
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Define mode, median, and mean |
Mode: An individual data point that is repeated the most in a particular data set Median: The center value in a data set a range in ascending order Mean: The average value of the values in a data set |
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Variance |
The amount of scattered of data points around the mean |
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Define standard deviation |
The estimated dispersion of a set of measurements mathematically in a normal distribution it is the square root of the variance |
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What is the purpose of chai square test |
It is used to determine the precision of a counting system |
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State the criteria for acceptable chi-squared values in the industry |
Within certain facilities concerned with air quality control measures in the industry 21 minute counts are performed to a desired confidence level of 95% for chi-squared testing to ensure operability for fixed a counting systems |
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The purpose of creating quality control documentation |
Enables us to track the performance of the system while in use Should be maintained in the area of radioactivity accounting system so they will be readily accessible to those who operate the system |
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State the Requirements for maintenance and review of quality control documentation in the industry |
Specific procedures require completion of the Alpha Beta counter performance record after calibration performance testing has been accomplished the form is to be maintained daily while the counter is in use the form is stored near the counter for reference to background trends minimum detectable activity and counter efficiency |
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State the purpose of calculating warning and control limits |
A standard for Acceptable performance to randomness this requires that there will be no patterns in the data that are obtained some will be higher then the mean |
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Purpose of determining efficiencies and correction factors |
A detector intercepts and registers only a fraction of the total number of radiation emitted by a radioactive source |
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State the meaning of counting data reported as X plus or minus Y |
Some error in our measurements we are tasked with reporting measurements to outside agencies in a format that identifies a potential error |
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State the purpose of determining background |
The contribution will produce an air in radioactive measurements unless the background count rate is determined by a separate operation and subtracted from the total activity or gross count rate |
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State the method and requirements for determining background for counting Purpose of performing planchet systems in the industry |
1. Performance checks should be performed daily or prior to operation 2. The sections for specific instrument types referenced in TPR-6405 are independent and standalone 3. After the last step that completes the counting of a swipe filter or source it should be removed from the planchet 4. The checks so I should be placed in the center of the planchet |
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Purpose of performing planchet maintenance |
All in use planchet and carriers must read less than established facility limit planchet exceedingly his limit should be decontaminated and re-counted as necessary |
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State the method and requirements for performing planchet maintenance for counting systems in the industry |
Maintenance is performed during background checks and periodically through counting cycle’s planchets found to be contaminated are decontaminated or discarded |
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Explain the methods used to improve statistical validity of count room measurements |
1. Background should be maintained as low as possible 2. some reduction in error can be obtained by increasing the background counting time 3. counting little activity samples for the same amount of time as a background determination |
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Define detection limit |
Refers to the statistical determined quantity of radioactive material that can be measured and at a preselected confidence level |
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Explain the purpose of using detection limits in analysis of radioactive samples |
Critical detection level and minimum significant activity level |
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Define MDA |
The smallest concentration of a radio activity and a sample that can be detected with a 5% probability of a erroneously detecting radioactivity and a 5% probability of not detecting radioactivity |
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Define cross talk |
Crosstalk is a phenomenon that occurs on proportional accounting systems |
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Purpose and method for determining cross talk |
Discrimination is accomplished by establishing two thresholds Or windows which can be in accordance with the radiation energies of the isotopes of concern |
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voltage plateau |
It indicates a detectors response to a radionucleotide with a variation of high voltage |
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State the method of performing on voltage plateau on counting systems In the industry |
Alpha voltage and beta voltage are performed defined by the isotope being used and not by the channel being used to accumulate the counts their gross counts are accumulated and plotted for each type of isotope each time the count is completed the high voltage is incremented a specific amount and another account is accumulated |
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Identify the DOE external Exposure limits for general employees |
Whole body: 5 rem Lens of eye: 15 rem Extremity: 50 rem Any organ or tissue and skin: 50 rem |
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Identify the DOE limits establish for embryo fetus of a female occupational worker |
Dose limit for the embryo fetus for an entire gestation period is .5 rem Avoid exceeding 0.0 5 REM per month to pregnant worker |
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Identify the Administrative exposure control guidelines for radiation worker |
700mrem ayear to whole body 10,000 mrem a year shallow dose |
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Identify the Administrative exposure control guidelines for non radiation worker |
Whole body 0.1 rem a year |
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Identify the Administrative exposure control guidelines for Embryo and fetus |
500 mrem For entire gestation period 50 mrem every month |
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Identify the requirements for a female radiation workers who have notified her employer in writing that she is pregnant |
Make agreeable work assignments with supervisor that the female is unlikely to go over 500 mrem during the entire gestation period The supervisor will plan to avoid exceeding 50 mrem per month for worker |
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State the theory of operation of the thermoluminescent dosimeters |
The ability of some material to convert the energy from radiation to the radiation of a different wavelength normally in the visible light range |
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What is phosphorescence |
Emission of light after the irradiation period |
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State how a TLD/OSL reader measures the radiation dose from a TLD/OSL |
TLD uses the heater which raises the phosphor temperature to stimulate the trapped electrons OSL uses light to stimulate trapped electrons Photo multiplier tube Measures the light output Meter/record displays and records data |
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Identify the advantages of a TLD/OSL Compared to a film badge |
1. Able to measure a greater energy range 2. able to measure a greater dose range 3. easier to differentiate and quantify deep and shallow dose 4. Dose may be more easily obtained 5.they can be read on site 6. quicker turnaround time for readout 7. reusable |
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Identify the disadvantages of a TLD/OSL Compared to a film badge |
1. More expensive 2. Cannot be used more than once 3. the readout process effectively zeros the TLD |
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Identify the types of Beta Gamma TLD/OSLS |
1. Panasonic 814 2. Panasonic 808 3. optically stimulated luminescent decimeters |
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Identify the types of neutron TLDs |
1. Albedo Dosimeter 2. nuclear accident dosimeter |
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State the requirement for use of TLDS in the industry |
1. Radiological workers who are expected to receive an effective dose equivalent to any portion of the whole body of .1rem a year or shallow dose 5 rem or lense of eye 1.5 rem 2. Declared pregnant workers 3. Occupational exposured minors 4. Members of the public you enter a controlled area 5. Individuals entering a high or very high radiation area |
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State the principle of operation and the types of used for personal neutron dosimeters used in the industry |
The personnel nuclear accident dosimeter is based on TLD’s and neutron activation foils pellets activation is a process of making a material radioactive by bombardment with neutrons protons or other nuclear radiation |
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the principle of operation of self reading dosimeters used in the industry |
Electronic dosimeters are use exclusively at most sites. Self reading pocket dosimeters have been out dated and replaced by electronic decimeters |
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Principle of operation and guidelines for use of electronic dosimeters used in the industry |
They are supplemental dosimeters that provide real-time indication of exposures of radiation and assist in maintaining personal dose less than and administration control levels Issued to personnel prior to entry into high or very high radiation area worn around the chest area Should be read periodically while in use to ensure conditions have not change |
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In vitro |
Urinalysis analysis fecal analysis Sputum saliva nasal discharge |
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In vivo methods |
Whole body chest head and wound counts are performed using a whole body counter and different attachments |
