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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anatomy
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study of internal structures
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anatomy
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the part of the body
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physiology
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the function of the structure
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cell
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simplest unit of life (living)
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International Anatomical Terminology
Terminolgia Anatomica |
1998. formal medical terminology established
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Level of organization
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atom, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
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homeostasis
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stable internal environment
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Autoregulation (intrinsic)
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when cell, tissue, organ - adjusts its activities automatically in response to environmental change.
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Extrinsic regulation
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results from actions of THE NERVOUS SYSTEM or
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (systems that adjust/control other systems simultaneously). |
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examples of extrinsic regulation resulting from nervous system:
-directs rapid, short-term, specific responses |
hand on hot stove, heat produces pain, (localized disturbance of homeostasis), nervous systems responds by ordering immediate contraction, pull hand away.
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extrinsic regulation resulting from endocrine system:
-releases chemical messengers called hormones. Not immediately apparent responses, may persist for awhile. |
long term regulation of blood volume and composition. and adjustment of organ system function during starvation.
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3 components of homeostatic regulation:
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receptors, control ctr, effector
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Receptor: sensor sensitive to stimulation or environmental change.
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Thermometer
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control center (integration ctr):
receives and processes info supplied by receptor. |
thermostat
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effector ( cell/organ that responds to commands at command ctr and does activity to either OPPOSE or
ENHANCE the stimulus |
Air conditioner turns on.
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negative feedback
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primary mechanism in homeostasis. turns off extreme conditions, provides long term control of body conditions and systems.
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positive feedback
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rare in body, initial stimulus produces an exaggerated/enhanced response. ie- childbirth (labor) or blood clotting.
Escalating cycle is positive ffedback loop. |
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Dynamic Equilibrium
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homeostasis
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