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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
According to functionalism, what is memory? |
A relatively permanent, adaptive response to experience The mental function we use for encoding info about stimuli, events, images, etc for retaining and retrieving info after the original stimuli is no longer present |
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According to cognitive neuroscience, what is memory? |
An information "handling" system in the mind/brain The collection of brain processes and structures required for encoding, retaining, and retrieving info |
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Identify an encoding phase IV and explain how its manipulation affects memory test performance? |
n |
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Where in the modal model does perception occur? |
sensory memory |
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In what format of info held in echoic/iconic memory? |
n |
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For how long is info held in iconic memory? |
n |
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When learning a new word, like “amygdala”, Angiewill remember it best if she:
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thinks about what the word means (semantic)
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Hannah finds that is she thinks about meaning ofterms and tries using in examples, she learns better. What technique is sheusing?
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Semantic judgments
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The sensory registers (memories) have a ____capacity and a _____ duration?
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large; short |
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Iconic memory limit is
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sensory acquity |
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Echoic memories last _____ iconic memories
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slightly longer than |
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According to Modal Model, what process isresponsible for transferring info from STM to LTM?
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rote rehearsal |
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How can you increase the amount of info in STM?
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By forming TBR items into meaningful chunks
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STM forgetting is likely to be caused by:
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n |
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Describe an everyday situation that illustrates proactive interference? |
Learn the cities of Australia; learn the cities of Britain. You try and remember the cities in Britain. The cities of Australia keep popping into your head instead of the cities of Britain
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Describe an everyday situation that illustrates retroactive interference? |
In school, you are less likely to remember the material from the beginning of the year than that from the end of the year
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Identify/describe one critical difference between the contents of sensory memory and STM? |
Unconscious vs conscious experience, preproceptual vs postperceptual,sensory memory capacity is vast while STM is very short, cannot prolong sensory by rehearsal but can prolong STM by rehearsal
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Identify/describe one critical difference between STM and working memory? |
Working memory can manipulate info, is connected to executive functioning |
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What can you do to interfere with short-term remembering? |
You could distract someone. Give a list to studybut after given last word they are distracted for a 30s filled delay
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How will this manipulation affect the serial position curve? |
It will cause the end of the recency curve to decline (produce more error in memory) |
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What variable is responsible for transferring info from STM to LTM? |
Consolidation involving rehearsal and meaningful association (semantic) |
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If you manipulate this variable, how will it affect the serial position curve? |
n |
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What is declarative memory? |
The ability to recollectprevious events and experiences in a conscious deliberate manner. We use this memory for responding to ‘what,’ ‘where,’ and ‘when’questions-Any memory we can talk about/state
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What is the key difference between declarative and non-declarative memory? |
Declarative memory uses consciousness to recall info, can be divided into episodic and semantic memory. Non-declarative memory does not recall info using consciousness ('how' questions), not aware |
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What's the difference between categorical and semantic processing? |
Memory test performance determined byamount of elaborative/semantic processing
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What can you do to manipulate long-term remembering/primacy effect? |
n |
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How will this manipulation affect the serial position curve? |
n |
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According to LoP, what determines performance on an episodic memory test? |
Deeper processing (more semantic, elaborative) yields longer lasting memory traces/representations Elaborative rehearsal (shallow to deeper levels of processing) improves episodic memory ex. do you like the word? Is the word a type of? |
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According to TAP, what determines performance on an episodic memory test? |
The degree of processing overlap between studying and testing We are good at doing what we practice doing (ex. study underwater and test underwater = good memory test; study underwater and test onland= bad memory test) |
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What can you do with explicit but not implicit memory? |
Explicit memory is connected to context(time and place), export and transfer memory from many different contexts (itsWednesday but talk about Sunday, in a café but talk about a lecture, be sad buttalk about happy moments).
Explicit involves one time of info intake Implicit memory is tied to right cuespresent during testing (overlap format, contexts- physical, emotional,psychological). Implicit memory isstrengthened with repeated use Explicit memory is a memory that can be intentionally and consciously recalled. This is your memory of riding a bike, of falling over the handlebars and skinning your knee. The other is implicit memory, which is an experiential or functional form of memory that cannot be consciously recalled. This is your memory of how to ride a bike or how to balance. |
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What can you do to manipulate long-term remembering/ the primacy effect? |
One is through effective encoding. Another is via rehearsal. Chunking, bits of information, is a third.
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How will this manipulation affect the serial position curve? |
n |