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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the goals of meat inspection? --- 4 methods by which meat and poultry inspection provide consumer protection
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1. Eliminating diseased meat
2. Aesthetic Factors 3. Clean equipment and environment 4. Labeling |
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What was contained in the Meat Inspection Act of 1906?
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antemorten inspection required of all slaughtered animals
disposition of animals on antemortem inspection: passed, condemned, suspect postmortem exam of viscera and carcass condemned carcasses must be destroyed all employees of meat inspection division had access to plant secretary of agriculture could destroy all unfit products no deception of sales sanitary regulations of plant estab. only applied to interstate trade and export |
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What was the Wholesome Meat Act of 1967?
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same as 1906 plus:
all meat (pork, beef, lamb, poultry) must be inspected wheter inter or intrastate commerce imported meat must undergo same standards of inspection federal inspection equal to state- either state or fed. inspection req. fed. govt would pay half if states decide to maintain their own inspection service poultry fell under inspection -- must be federally inspected to enter interstate commerce inspection of processing plants that did not slaughter animals but made meat products such as sausage or boxed beef |
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What are the two exceptions to the Meat Inspection Act?
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custom plants that slaughter animals for the owner - subject to sanitation and equipment inspection
farmers can market up to 250 turkeys or 1000 chickens or combinations thereof to sell uninspected dressed birds directly to consumers (plant inspected but each bird is not) |
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What is contained in the Humane Slaughter Act of 1978?
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animals had to be slaughtered humanely
animals had to be handled humanely imported meat - animals had to be slaughtered humanely poultry is NOT covered |
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What are 5 methods of humane slaughter?
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captive bolt pistol
gunshot carbon dioxide electrical stunning electrical slaughter kosher slaughter (shechita) |
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Antemortem Inspection
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inspection of the live animal prior to slaughter
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disposition
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refers to the ultimate handling of an animal/carcass or its parts after it has been inspected
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passed for slaughter
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animal is deemed fit for slaughter (appears normal)
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suspect animal
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an animal possibly affected by a condition or disease that requires condemnation of the carcass, either wholly or in part, when slaughtered
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condemned animal
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animal that may not go to slaughter, judged as unfit for food at the antemortem inspection
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subject to inspection
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the seller (the farmer) and the buyer (the slaughter plant) agree on payment for that portion of the animal that passes inspection, thus the animal is purchased "subject" to passing inspection
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What are the 3 D's?
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animals that are dead, dying, or drugged
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What are the objectives of antemortem inspection?
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remove animals having conditions undetectable on routine postmortem inspection
prevent unnecessary contamination of the slaughtering facility obtain info on suspect animals for better PM disposition withhold animals exhibiting abnormal conditions that make them unfit for human food cooperation with animal disease control agencies |
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What are the 3 classifications for Final Disposition?
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Release for slaughter - passed
US Suspect - slaughtered at the end of the day and carefully examined US Condemned - must be destroyed and not enter food chain |
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What are the procedures outlined for antemortem inspection?
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Inspection must be made of all animals presented for slaughter ON THE DAY OF slaughter
inspections are made in the animal's holding pens or specially designed pens poultry are inspected on the truck animals are examined both at rest and in motion suspects and condemned animals are tagged suspects are killed at the end of the day and separately from the healthy animals condemned animals are destroyed animals cannot go back home |
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Disposition of Abnormal Animals - localized lesions
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if have a localized lesion that is not indicative of a generalized condition, it is passed or released for slaughter
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Disposition of Abnormal Animals - Suspects
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tagged and killed at the end of the day
these animals are subject to a PM inspection at which time they are passed, may have a portion of the carcass rejected, or condemned entirely |
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Disposition of Abnormal Animals: Condemned
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never enters the abattoir
these animals are killed and tanked or rendered |
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What do you do with an animal that has multiple Abscesses on antemortem inspection?
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if it indicates a generalized condition - animal in poor body condition - condemn them
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What do you do if you see an Epithelioma or Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
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either suspect or condemned
if the neoplasia is extensive and secondary infection is present, spread to the LNs or the animal has become cachectic, then the animal is condemned if the lesion appears to be confined to the eye, then the animal is classified as suspect |
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What do you do if you see Actinomycosis (Lumpy Jaw) on an antemortem inspection?
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usually a localized condition--- SUSPECT
condemn them if cachectic |
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What do you do if you see downer cows on an antemortem inspection?
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they are CONDEMNED and do not enter the human food chain as part of the new regulations to control BSE
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What is the difference between cachexia and emaciated???????
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cachexia is a chronic condition -- wasting- see decreased fat around the heart and the fat is grey and gelatinous
emaciation is more acute-->condemned for aesthetics |
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What do you do with pneumonia seen on an antemortem inspection?
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dispositions vary -
if advanced and generalized - usu. condemn if less severe (cough, runny nose but no fever) - usu. slaughter as suspect |
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What do you do with CNS signs on an antemortem inspection?
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any animal with signs of active CNS infection is condemned
-if CNS signs appear chronic in nature (ex. head tilt w/out any other abnormality) then animal is slaughtered as suspect |
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What do you do with an animal that has a retained placenta on antemortem inspection?
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animals that have recently given birth are fit for food
animals can be slaughtered after passage of the placenta |
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What do you do with an animal that has a fever during antemortem inspection?
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CONDEMNED if abnormally high
cattle and sheep --- greater than 105F swine - greater than 106F -- you must take into account the ambient temp. |
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What do you do with an animal that has a suboptimal temperature during antemortem inspection?
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there are no min. temp guidelines and animals w/ submornal temps are not condemned solely on their suboptimal temp.
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What do you do with tuberculosis reactors?
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They are classified as SUSPECTS on ANTEMORTEM inspection
-animals with fever are CONDEMNED and any animal dying is given a postmortem exam (necropsy) POST-MORTEM: ----if free from lesions - PASSED for cooking ----if lesions present - CONDEMNED |
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What do you do with Brucella reactors?
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they are simply identified by their ear tag number and treated like any other animal
EXCEPT - reactive goats are not slaughtered, they are CONDEMNED because of pathogenicity of B. melitensis |
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What are the reportable diseases looked for during the slaughter inspection process?
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anthrax
hog cholera vesicular disease authorities make recommendation to the disposition of the animal |
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What are the final postmortem disposition classifications?
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US Passed
US Condemned US Retained Passed with restriction = cooking, refrigeration |
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What are the decision making rules for postmortem inspections?
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-removal and condemnation of diseased and abnormal tissue
-localized vs generalized (condemned) -chronic vs acute (condemned) -body function abnormalities -conditions that are injurious to public health -offensive and repugnant conditions (not aesthetic) |
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Condemned products
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unwholesome products because of disease or severe contamination
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Inedible products
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unwholesome products b/c they are usually not eaten and are not expected in food
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Denaturant
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any substance that will change the appearance, taste, or smell of a product and thus destroy the product for food purposes
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Decharacterize
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changing the physical appearance of a product in order to discourage its use as human food
-used for products that are condemned for human consumption but could be used as an ingredient for animal food -approved green and red dyes, charcoal |
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Restricted Products
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products that may not be sold without further processing such as cooking or freezing
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How are condemned products handled/controlled?
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once a product is condemned or deemed inedible at postmortem inspection, proper controls must be put in place to ensure these prod. are not mixed with edible product
- usually condemned or inedible prod. are placed in a container marked as such and the product is changed in some way to insure it won't be used for food |
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What are the 4 methods used to destroy inedible and condemned product?
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-hashing
-rendering -incineration -denaturing |
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What is hashing?
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-method used to destroy inedible and condemned product
-hashing and grinding process so that the processed material does not have the appearance of an edible product |
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Why do we not use incineration as commonly to get rid of inedible/condemned products?
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costs
air pollution |
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What is denaturing?
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method used to destroy inedible and condemned product
-application of a denaturing agent in the product -cresylic disinfectant is one of the most commonly used |
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What are the characteristic lesions seen with septicemia, pyemia, or toxemia?
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generalized diseases
-congestion -hyperemia -petechial hemorrhages -tissue edema carcass is CONDEMNED -lymphadenopathy |
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TB in cattle is particularly a disease of the ____________ system.
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Respiratory system
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Infection with mycobacteria in swine is usually of the _________ type and associated with the _________ system.
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avian type
GI system |
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What do you do if pericarditis is found on the postmortem inspection?
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disposition is dependent on involvement
- if localized tissue may be trimmed and carcass passed -if systemic effects observed (edema, organ congestion, congestive heart failure, cachexia) then the carcass is condemned |
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What tapeworm causes bovine taeniasis?
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Taenia saginata
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What do you do when you find Taenia saginata?
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attention given to heart and masseter muscles
carcasses not extensively involved may be treated by excising the apparent cysts and holding continuously at -15F for 15 days the cysts are also killed by cooking at 140F |
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What organism causes swine taeniasis?
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Taenia solium
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What are sawdust livers?
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they are found in cattle - they have small areas of necrosis
-usually seen in cattle fed high grain diets |
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What is Eosinophilic Myositis?
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usu. seen in young well fattened cattle
unknown etiology lesions are yellowish green, spindle shaped foci in the muscle fiber and may grossly be mistaken for sarcosporidiosis -disposition is similar to bovine cystercercosis |
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Emaciation
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results from either inadequate caloric intake or increased caloric demand as a result of stresses such as cold weather
CONDEMNED |
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Cachexia
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associated with chronic debilitating diseases and is diagnosed more often on antemortem inspection
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