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422 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
antigen
|
substance that, when entering the body, prompts the generation of antibodies, causing an immune response
|
|
anti-
|
against
|
|
gen
|
forming, producing, origin
|
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autoimmune
|
type of immune response by the body against its own cells or tissues
|
|
capillaries
|
microscopic blood vessels that connect the ends of the smallest arteries (arterioles with the smallest veins (venules) of the circulatory system
|
|
hematopoiesis
|
production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow
|
|
hemat/o
|
blood
|
|
poiesis
|
formation, production
|
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immune response
|
defense function of the body that protects it against invading pathogens, foreign tissues, and malignancies
|
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immunodeficiency
|
decreased or compromised ability to fight disease or a condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism
|
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interstitial fluid
|
fluid between cells and in tissue spaces
created when certain components of blood plasma filter through tiny capillaries into spaces between cells |
|
lymphocyte
|
type of white blood cell found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bloodstream, and lymph that functions int he body's immune system by recognizing and deactivating foreign substances (antigens)
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lymph/o
|
lymph
|
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-cyte
|
cell
|
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monocytes
|
large white blood cells formed in the bone marrow that circulate in the bloodstream and destroy pathogenic bacteria through phagocytosis
|
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oncology
|
branch of medicine concerned with the study of cancerous growths (malignancies)
|
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onc/o
|
tumor
|
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-logy
|
study of
|
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pathogens
|
any microorganism capable of producing disease
|
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path/o
|
disease
|
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-gen
|
forming, producing, origin
|
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transfusion
|
collection of blood or a blood component from a donor followed by its infusion into a recipient
|
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hematology
|
study of the blood and blood-forming tissues and the diseases associated with these tissues
|
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hematologist
|
physicians who specialize in the study and treatment of blood and blood disorders
|
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immunology
|
study of the body's protection from invading organisms and its responses to them
|
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immunologist
|
consulted when the immune system breaks down and the body loses its ability to recognize antigens or its ability to mount an attack against them
treat patients with immunodeficiency diseases such as AIDS; immune complex diseases such as malaria and viral hepatitis; autoimmune diseases such as lupus; transplanted cells and organs; allergies; and various cancer types related to the immune system |
|
plasma
|
clear yellow fluid comprising the liquid portion of blood
|
|
formed elements
|
erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and thrombocytes (platelets) that, together with plasma, comprise blood
|
|
platelets
|
thrombocytes
have a clotting ability that prevents excessive loss of blood |
|
groups
|
blood types
based on presence or absence of A or B antigens on the RBCs |
|
markers
|
A or B antigens that stimulate production of antibodies
|
|
agglutinate
|
when incompatible blood types clump together
|
|
lymphatic system
|
consists of lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and three organs:
- tonsils - thymus - spleen |
|
lymph (fluid)
|
circulates in the lymphatic system
comes from blood contains WBCs responsible for immunity as well as monocytes and lymphocytes |
|
interstitial spaces
|
spaces between cells
a.k.a. intercellular spaces |
|
lymph capillaries
|
thin-walled vessels that absorb most interstitial fluid from the interstitial spaces
at this point, the interstitial fluid becomes lymph |
|
lymph nodes
|
lymphatic tissue, located in clusters in such areas as the:
- neck (cervical lymph nodes) - underarm (axillary lymph nodes) - pelvis (iliac lymph nodes) - groin (inguinal lymph nodes) act as filters against foreign material |
|
lymph vessels
|
in upper chest; return lymph to bloodstream
|
|
hem/o
|
blood
|
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agglutin/o
|
clumping, gluing
|
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agglutination
|
process by which particles are caused to adhere and form into clumps
|
|
-ation
|
process of
|
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embol/o
|
embolus (plug)
|
|
erythr/o
|
red
|
|
-oma
|
tumor
|
|
leuk/o
|
white
|
|
myel/o
|
bone marrow;
spinal cord |
|
thromb/o
|
blood clot
|
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thrombolysis
|
destruction of blood clot
|
|
-lysis
|
separation, destruction, loosening
|
|
ven/o
|
vein
|
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-ous
|
pertaining to
|
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-ic
|
pertaining to
|
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aden/o
|
gland
|
|
lymphaden/o
|
lymph gland (node)
|
|
myelogenic
|
pertaining to, producing, or originating in bone marrow
|
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adenopathy
|
disease of a gland
|
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immunogen
|
producing immunity or an immune response
|
|
lymphangi/o
|
lymph vessel
|
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phag/o
|
swallowing, eating
|
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splen/o
|
spleen
|
|
thym/o
|
thymus gland
|
|
thymoma
|
tumor of the thymus gland
|
|
leukemia
|
white blood;
hematological malignancies of bone marrow cells malignant disease of the bone marrow characterized by excessive production of leukocytes |
|
macro
|
large
|
|
-phylaxis
|
protection
|
|
ana-
|
against, up, back
|
|
-stasis
|
standing still
|
|
hemostasis
|
blood standing still
|
|
mononucleosis
|
- abnormal increase of mononuclear (leukocytes in the blood)
- acute infection by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes |
|
-nucle
|
nucleus
|
|
anemia
|
blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of red blood cell production and hemoglobin, increased red blood cell destruction, or blood loss
|
|
an
|
without, not
|
|
-emia
|
blood condition
|
|
aplastic
|
failure of bone marrow to produce stem cells because it has been damaged by disease, cancer, radiation, or chemotherapy drugs
rare but serious form of anemia |
|
pernicious
|
deficiency of erythrocytes due to inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body, which plays a vital role in hematopoiesis
|
|
sickle cell
|
hereditary disorder of anemia characterized by crescent or sickle-shaped erythrocytes
particularly prevalent among persons of African descent |
|
thalassemia
|
group of hereditary anemias caused by an inability to produce hemoglobin
usually seen in people of Mediterranean origin |
|
thallass/o
|
sea
|
|
hemophilia
|
group of hereditary bleeding disorders characterized by a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for coagulation of blood
|
|
-philia
|
attraction for
|
|
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
|
deficiency of cellular immunity induced by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases
|
|
Hodgkin disease
|
malignant disease characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue (usually first evident in cervical lymph nodes), splenomegaly, and the presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes
|
|
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
|
retrovirus that causes AIDS
|
|
immunodeficiency disease
|
any of a group of diseases caused by a defect in the immune system and generally characterized by susceptibility to infections and chronic diseases
|
|
Kaposi sarcoma
|
malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue that is commonly fatal (because the tumors readily metastasize to various organs) and closely associated with AIDS
|
|
sarc
|
flesh; connective tissue
|
|
lymphadenitis
|
inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection
|
|
lymphedema
|
debilitating condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system that prevents lymph fluid in the upper limbs from draining adequately
|
|
-edema
|
swelling
|
|
mono-
|
one
|
|
nucle
|
nucleus
|
|
multiple myeloma
|
malignant disease of bone marrow plasma cells (antibody-producing B lymphocytes)
|
|
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
|
any of a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue except for Hodgkin disease; previously called lymphosarcoma
|
|
lymphosarcoma
|
previous term for non-Hodgkin lymphoma
|
|
opportunistic infection
|
any infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend against pathogens normally found in the environment
|
|
stroke
|
sudden loss of neurological function, caused by vascular injury (loss of blood flow) to an area of the brain
also called cerebral vascular accident (CVA) |
|
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
|
chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with variable features that affect many body systems, particularly the skin, kidneys, heart, and lungs
|
|
bone marrow aspiration
|
removal of a small amount of tissue (bone marrow biopsy) to diagnose blood disorders (such as anemias), cancers, or infectious diseases or to gather cells for later infusion into a patient (bone marrow transplantation)
|
|
ELISA
|
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
test to screen blood for presence of HIV antibodies or for other disease-causing substances |
|
lymphangiography
|
radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after an injection of a contrast medium to view the path of lymph flow as it moves into the chest region
|
|
angi/o
|
vessel (usually blood or lymph)
|
|
-graphy
|
process of recording
|
|
tissue typing
|
technique used to determine the histocompatibility of tissues; used in grafts and transplants with the recipient's tissues and cells; also known as histocompatibility testing
|
|
Western blot
|
test to detect presence of viral DNA in the blood and used to confirm the diagnosis of AIDS as well as detecting other viruses
|
|
blood transfusion
|
administration of whole blood or a component, such as packed red cells, to replace blood lost through trauma, surgery, or disease
|
|
bone marrow transplant
|
diseased bone marrow is destroyed by irradiation and chemotherapy, then replaced from a healthy donor to simulate production of normal blood cells; used to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and certain cancers
|
|
lymphangiectomy
|
removal of a lymph vessel
|
|
anticoagulants
|
prevent or delay blood coagulation
|
|
immunizations
|
vaccination or injection of immune globulins to induce immunity to a particular infectious disease
|
|
immunosuppressants
|
suppress the immune response to prevent organ rejection after transplantation or slow the progression of autoimmune disease
|
|
thrombolytics
|
dissolve a blood clot
|
|
vaccinations
|
introduction of altered antigens (viruses or bacteria) into the body to produce an immune response and protect against disease
|
|
dyspnea
|
difficulty breathing
|
|
diuresis
|
increased formation and secretion of urine
|
|
hematuria
|
blood in the urine
|
|
atelectasis
|
collapse of lung tissue
|
|
A, B, AB, O
|
blood types in ABO blood group
|
|
CBC
|
complete blood count
|
|
EBV
|
Epstein-Barr virus
|
|
ESR
|
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
|
|
Hb, Hgb
|
hemoglobin
|
|
KS
|
Kaposi sarcoma
|
|
WNL
|
within normal limits
|
|
biopsy
|
removal of a small portion of tissue from the body for microscopic examination
|
|
endoscopic examination
|
- procedure using an endoscope to diagnose or treat a condition, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract
- help detect pathological conditions, including cancers, at an early stage |
|
gastroenterology
|
branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the digestive tract
|
|
gastroenterologist
|
diagnosis and treats disorders of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
|
|
digestion
|
the physical and chemical breakdown of foods we ingest into nutrients that can be absorbed by cell membranes
|
|
digestive tract
|
alimentary canal or
gastrointestinal (GI) tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus) plus accessory organs of digestion |
|
upper gastrointestinal tract
|
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach
|
|
lower gastrointestinal tract
|
small and large intestines, rectum, and anus
|
|
accessory organs of digestion
|
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
help in the absorption process and other processes essential to proper digestion |
|
dent/o
|
teeth
|
|
odont/o
|
teeth
|
|
orth
|
straight
|
|
gingiv/o
|
gums
|
|
gloss/o
|
tongue
|
|
hypoglossal
|
pertaining to under the tongue
|
|
lingu/o
|
tongue
|
|
or/o
|
mouth
|
|
stomat/o
|
mouth
|
|
stomatopathy
|
disease of the mouth
|
|
ptyal/o
|
saliva
|
|
ptyalism
|
condition of excessive salivation
also called sialorrhea or hypersalivation |
|
sial/o
|
saliva, salivary gland
|
|
sialorrhea
|
excessive flow of saliva
also called ptyalism or hypersalivation |
|
esophag/o
|
esophagus
|
|
gastr/o
|
stomach
|
|
pharyng/o
|
pharynx (throat)
|
|
pylor/o
|
pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of the stomach that opens into the duodenum)
|
|
pylorotomy
|
incision of the pylorus
|
|
duoden/o
|
duodenum (first part of small intestine)
|
|
enter/o
|
intestine (usually small intestine)
|
|
jejun/o
|
jejunum (second part of small intestine)
|
|
ile/o
|
ileum (third part of small intestine)
|
|
an/o
|
anus
|
|
ileostomy
|
surgical creation of an opening in the ilium (to drain urine or feces into an exterior pouch)
|
|
-stomy
|
forming an opening (mouth)
when -stomy is used with the CF of an organ, it refers to a surgical opening to the outside of the body |
|
append/o
|
appendix
|
|
appendic/o
|
appendix
|
|
col/o
|
colon
|
|
colon/o
|
colon
|
|
proct/o
|
anus, rectum
|
|
rect/o
|
rectum
|
|
-cele
|
hernia, swelling
|
|
rectocele
|
herniation or protrusion of the rectum
also called proctocele |
|
sigmoid/o
|
sigmoid colon
|
|
cholangi/o
|
bile vessel
|
|
cholangiole
|
small terminal portion of the bile duct
|
|
-ole
|
small, minute
|
|
chol/e*
|
bile, gall
* combining vowel "e" is an exception to the rule |
|
-lith
|
stone, calculus
|
|
cholelith
|
gallstone
|
|
cholecyst/o
|
gallbladder
|
|
choledoch/o
|
bile duct
|
|
hepat/o
|
liver
|
|
pancreat/o
|
pancreas
|
|
pancreatolysis
|
destruction of the pancreas by pancreatic enzymes
|
|
-algia
|
pain
|
|
gastralgia
|
stomach pain
|
|
-dynia
|
pain
|
|
gastrodynia
|
stomach pain
|
|
-emesis
|
vomiting
|
|
hyperemesis
|
excessive vomiting
|
|
-iasis
|
abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
|
|
cholelithiasis
|
presence or formation of gallstones
|
|
-megaly
|
enlargement
|
|
-orexia
|
appetite
|
|
-osis
|
abnormal condition
increase (used primarily with blood cells) |
|
cirrh
|
yellow
|
|
-pepsia
|
digestion
|
|
dyspepsia
|
difficult or painful digestion
also called indigestion |
|
-phagia
|
eating, swallowing
|
|
dysphagia
|
difficulty swallowing
|
|
dys-
|
bad, painful, difficult
|
|
-prandial
|
meal
|
|
postprandial
|
after meal
|
|
-rrhea
|
discharge, flow
|
|
dia-
|
through, across
|
|
endo-
|
in, within
|
|
hypo-
|
under, below, deficient
|
|
hypogastric
|
pertaining to below the stomach
|
|
appendicitis
|
inflammation of the appendix, typically an acute condition caused by blockage of the appendix followed by infection that is treated with surgical removal of the inflamed appendix and antibiotic therapy
|
|
ascites
|
pathological build up of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity due to liver disease, cancer, heart failure, or kidney failure
|
|
borborygmus
|
gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through through the intestines
|
|
cirrhosis
|
chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice
|
|
diverticular disease
|
formation of bulging pouches (diverticula) throughout the colon, but most commonly in the lower portion of the colon (includes diverticulosis, diverticular bleeding, and diverticulitis)
|
|
dysentery
|
inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites and characterized by diarrhea, colitis, and abdominal cramps
|
|
-y
|
condition, process
|
|
fistula
|
abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities such as the rectum and the vagina (rectovaginal fistula) or a body cavity to the skin (such as the rectum to the outside of the body) caused by injury, infection, or inflammation
|
|
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
|
backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus due to malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
|
|
hematochezia
|
passage of bright red, bloody stools (usually an indication that the colon is bleeding somewhere) commonly caused by diverticulitis or hemorrhoids but may be a symptom of cancer
|
|
hemorrhoid
|
mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside (internal) or just outside (external) the rectum
also called piles |
|
hernia
|
protrusion or projection of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it
|
|
strangulated (hernia)
|
hernia in which the protruding viscus is so tightly trapped that it leads to necrosis with gangrene results, requiring immediate surgery
|
|
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
|
disorder that causes inflammation of the intestines
|
|
Crohn disease
|
chronic IBD that may affect any portion of the intestinal tract (usually the ileum) and is distinguished from closely related bowel disorders by its inflammatory pattern, which tends to be patchy or segmented
also called regional colitis |
|
ulcerative colitis
|
chronic IBD of the colon characterized by ulcers, constant diarrhea mixed with blood, and pain
|
|
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
|
common colon disorder characterized by constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating that does not cause permanent damage to the colon
also called spastic colon |
|
jaundice
|
yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae of the eyes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood
also called hyperbilirubinemia |
|
jaund
|
yellow
|
|
-ice
|
noun ending
|
|
obesity
|
condition in which body weight exceeds the range of normal or healthy, which is characterized as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25
|
|
morbid obesity
|
more severe obesity in which a person has a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 lb or more over ideal body weight
|
|
ulcer
|
open sore that may result form a perforation or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic (pathological death of a cell) tissue
|
|
volvulus
|
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
|
|
barium enema (BE)
|
radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium) into the rectum
BE is used for diagnosis of obstructions, tumors, or other abnormalities, such as ulcerative colitis |
|
barium swallow
|
radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium)
also called upper GI series |
|
cholangiography
|
radiographic examination of the bile ducts with a contrast medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile ducts
|
|
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
|
visual examination of the esophagus (esophagoscopy), stomach (gastroscopy), and duodenum (duodenoscopy) using an endoscope
also called upper GI endoscopy |
|
stool guaiac
|
test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that is not apparent on visual inspection
also called hemoccult test |
|
bariatric surgery
|
any of a group of procedures used to treat morbid obesity
|
|
vertical banded gastroplasty
|
bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
|
|
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)
|
bariatric surgery in which the stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch and then the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats
|
|
-plasty
|
surgical repair
|
|
colostomy
|
excision of a diseased part of the colon and relocation of the remaining end of the healthy colon through the abdominal wall to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag
|
|
lithotripsy
|
eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing it surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatter it
|
|
-tripsy
|
crushing
|
|
lith/o
|
stone, calculus
|
|
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
|
use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts
|
|
extra-
|
outside
|
|
corpor
|
body
|
|
-eal
|
pertaining to
|
|
nasogastric intubation
|
insertion of a soft plastic nasogastric tube through the nostrils, past the pharynx, and down the esophagus into the stomach to remove substances from the stomach; deliver medication, food, or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis
|
|
polypectomy
|
excision of small, tumorlike, benign growths (polyps) that project from a mucous membrane surface
|
|
polyp
|
small growth
|
|
antacids
|
neutralize acids in the stomach
|
|
antidiarrheals
|
control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract
|
|
antiemetics
|
control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain
|
|
laxatives
|
relieve constipation and facilitate passage of feces through the lower GI tract
|
|
gastroesophageal varices
|
varicose veins or varicosities of the stomach/esophagus
endoscopy used to confirm their presence and extent in patients with liver disease |
|
sputum
|
mucus or phlegm coughed up from the respiratory tract
|
|
choleliths
|
gallstones
|
|
choledocholithiasis
|
when calculi are present in the common bile duct
|
|
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
|
treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease
surgery involves incisions in the abdomen through which pass a tiny video camera and surgical instruments |
|
BE
|
barium enema
below the elbow |
|
CA
|
cancer
chronological age cardiac arrest |
|
Ca
|
calcium
cancer |
|
EGD
|
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
|
|
ESWL
|
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
|
|
FBS
|
fasting blood sugar
|
|
HAV
HBV |
hepatitis A virus
hepatitis B virus |
|
IBD
|
inflammatory bowel disease
|
|
IBS
|
irritable bowel syndrome
|
|
RGB
|
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
|
|
UGI
|
upper gastrointestinal
|
|
angulation
|
abnormal forming of an angle
|
|
K
|
potassium
|
|
KD
|
knee disarticualtion
|
|
KUB
|
kidney, ureter, bladder
|
|
L
|
liter
|
|
L1, L2
|
lumbar vertebrae
|
|
LA
|
left atrium
|
|
LAT, lat
|
lateral
|
|
LD
|
lactate dehydrogenase
lactic acid dehydrogenase (cardiac enzyme) |
|
LES
|
lower esophageal sphincter
|
|
LFT
|
liver function test
|
|
LH
|
luteinizing hormone
|
|
LOC
|
loss of consciousness
|
|
LP
|
lumbar puncture
|
|
LPR
|
laryngopharyngeal reflux
|
|
LS
|
lumbosacral spine
|
|
lt
|
left
|
|
LV
|
left ventricle
|
|
lymphos
|
lymphocytes
|
|
MCH
|
mean cell hemoglobin (average amount of hemoglobin per red cell)
|
|
MCHC
|
mean cell hemoglobin concentration (average concentration of hemoglobin per red cell)
|
|
MCV
|
mean cell volume (average volume or size per red cell
|
|
MDI
|
metered dose inhaler
|
|
MEG
|
magnetoencephalography
|
|
MG
|
myasthenia gravis
|
|
mix astig
|
mixed astigmatism
|
|
mm Hg
|
millimeters of mercury
|
|
MR
|
mitral regurgitation
|
|
MRA
|
magnetic resonance angiogram/angiography
|
|
MSH
|
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
|
|
MVP
|
mitral valve prolapse
|
|
MVR
|
mitral valve replacement
massive vitreous retraction (blade) microvitreoretinal |
|
Myop
|
myopia (nearsightedness)
|
|
NB
|
newborn
|
|
NCV
|
nerve conduction velocity
|
|
NG
|
nasogastric
|
|
NIDDM
|
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
|
|
NIHL
|
noise-induced hearing loss
|
|
NK
|
natural killer cell
|
|
NMT
|
nebulized mist treatment
|
|
NPO, n.p.o.*
|
nil per os
nothing by mouth |
|
NSR
|
normal sinus rhythm
|
|
OCP
|
oral contraceptive pill
|
|
OD
|
overdose
|
|
OD*
|
right eye
|
|
O.D.
|
Doctor of Optometry
|
|
OM
|
otitis media
|
|
OP
|
outpatient
operative procedure |
|
ORTH, ortho
|
orthopedics
|
|
OS*
|
left eye
|
|
os
|
opening, mouth
|
|
OSA
|
obstructive sleep apnea
|
|
OU*
|
both eyes
|
|
P
|
phosphorus
pulse |
|
PA
|
posteroanterior
pernicious anemia pulmonary artery physician assistant |
|
PAC
|
premature atrial contraction
|
|
Pap
|
Papanicolaou (test)
|
|
para 1, 2, 3 (and so on)
|
unipara, bipara, tripara (and so on)
number of viable births |
|
PAT
|
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
|
|
pc, p.c.*
|
after meals
|
|
PCL
|
posterior cruciate ligament
|
|
PCNL
|
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
|
|
PCO2
|
partial pressure of carbon dioxide
|
|
PCP
|
pneumocystis pneumonia
primary care physician phencyclidine (hallucinogen) |
|
PE
|
physical examination
pulmonary embolism pressure-equalizing (tube) |
|
PERRLA
|
pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation
|
|
PET
|
positron emission tomography
|
|
PFT
|
pulmonary function test
|
|
PGH
|
pituitary growth hormone
|
|
PIH
|
pregnancy-induced hypertension
|
|
PKD
|
polycystic kidney disease
|
|
PMH
|
past medical history
|
|
PMI
|
point of maximum impulse
|
|
PMN, PMNL
|
polymorphonuclear leukocyte
|
|
PMP
|
previous menstrual period
|
|
PND
|
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
|
|
PNS
|
peripheral nervous system
|
|
p.o.*
|
per os
by mouth |
|
PO2
|
partial pressure of oxygen
|
|
poly
|
polymorphonuclear leukocyte
|
|
p.r.n.*
|
as required
|
|
PSA
|
prostate-specific antigen
|
|
PT
|
prothrombin time
physical therapy |
|
PTCA
|
perutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
|
|
PTH
|
parathyroid hormone (also called parathormone)
|
|
PTHC
|
percutaneous transhepatic cholangeography
|
|
PTT
|
partial thromboplastin time
|
|
PUD
|
peptic ulcer disease
|
|
PVC
|
premature ventricular contraction
|
|
q.2h.*
|
every 2 hours
|
|
qAM*
|
every morning
|
|
q.d.*
|
every day
|
|
q.h.*
|
every hour
|
|
q.i.d.*
|
four times a day
|
|
q.o.d.*
|
every other day
|
|
qPM*
|
every evening
|
|
RA
|
right atrium
rheumatoid arthritis |
|
RD
|
respiratory distress
|
|
RDS
|
respiratory distress syndrome
|
|
RF
|
rheumatoid factor
radio frequency |
|
RIA
|
radioimmunoassay
|
|
RK
|
radial keratotomy
|
|
R/O
|
rule out
|
|
RP
|
retrograde pyelogram
retrograde pyelography |
|
RV
|
residual volume
right ventricle |
|
S1, S2 (and so on)
|
first sacral vertebra, second sacral vertebra (and so on)
|
|
SA, S-A
|
sinoatrial
|
|
SaO2
|
arterial oxygen saturation
|
|
SCC
|
squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
SD
|
shoulder disarticulation
|
|
SIADH
|
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
|
|
SICS
|
small incision cataract surgery
|
|
SMAS
|
superficial musculoaponeurotic system (flap)
|
|
sp. gr.
|
specific gravity
|
|
SPECT
|
single photon emission computed tomography
|
|
ST
|
esotropia
|
|
subcu, Sub-Q, subQ*
|
subcutaneous
|
|
T1, T2, etc.
|
first thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, etc.
|
|
T3
|
triiodothyronine
|
|
T4
|
thyroxine
|
|
T&A
|
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
|
|
TAH
|
total abdominal hysterectomy
|
|
TFT
|
thyroid function test
|
|
THA
|
total hip arthroplasty
|
|
ther
|
therapy
|
|
THR
|
total hip replacement
|
|
TIA
|
transient ischemic attack
|
|
TIBC
|
total iron-binding capacity
|
|
t.i.d.*
|
three times a day
|
|
TKA
|
total knee arthroplasty
|
|
TKR
|
total knee replacement
|
|
TPR
|
temperature, pulse, and respiration
|
|
TRAM
|
transverse rectus abdominis muscle
|
|
TSE
|
testicular self examination
|
|
TURP
|
transurethral resection of the prostate
|
|
TVH
|
total vaginal hysterectomy
|
|
TVH-BSO
|
total vaginal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
|
|
UC
|
uterine contractions
|
|
UGIS
|
upper GI series
|
|
U&L, U/L
|
upper and lower
|
|
ung
|
ointment
|
|
UPP
|
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
|
|
URI
|
upper respiratory infection
|
|
VA
|
visual acuity
|
|
VC
|
vital capacity
|
|
VCUG
|
voiding cystourethrography
|
|
VF
|
visual field
|
|
VSD
|
ventricular septal defect
|
|
VT
|
ventricular tachycardia
|
|
VUR
|
vesicoureteral reflux
|
|
WD
|
well-developed
|
|
WN
|
well-nourished
|
|
XP, XDP
|
xeroderma pigmentosum
|
|
XT
|
exotropia
|
|
U*
|
unit
|